CAPD peritonitis caused by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a diabetic cirrhosis patient.

Despite the advancement of disconnecting system, peritonitis remains one of the most common causes in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We report a cirrhosis patient undergoing CAPD who suffered from an episode of peritonitis caused by a rare pathogen, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans (AX). This organism rarely induces CAPD peritonitis and only nine cases were reported in the literature. This is the first case of AX-related CAPD peritonitis in cirrhosis patient. Infection with AX is more common in immunocompromised patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. Appropriate antibiotics and early removal of CAPD catheter may be life-saving in such rare infection.