BACKGROUND: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to testicular cancer risk, with a specific focus upon characteristics of the son. METHODS: Literature databases Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using highly sensitive search strategies. Of 5865 references retrieved, 67 articles met the inclusion criteria, each of which was included in at least one perinatal analysis. RESULTS: Random effects meta-analysis produced the following results for association with testicular cancer risk: birth weight [per kilogram, odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.01, I(2)= 12%], low birth weight (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.08-1.67, I(2)= 51%), high birth weight (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.96-1.14, I(2)= 0%), gestational age (per week, OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98, I(2)= 38%; low vs not, OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.59, I(2)= 49%), cryptorchidism (OR = 4.30, 95% CI 3.62-5.11, I(2)= 44%), inguinal hernia (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.37-1.94, I(2)= 38%) and twinning (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.44, I(2)= 22%). Meta-analyses of the variables birth length, breastfeeding and neonatal jaundice did not provide evidence for an association with testicular cancer risk. When low birth weight was stratified by data ascertainment (record/registry vs self-report), only the category of self-report was indicative of an association. Meta-regression of data ascertainment (record/registry vs self-report) inferred that record-/registry-based studies were less supportive of an association with gestational age (per week = 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00, I(2)( )= 29%; low vs not = 1.08, 95% CI 0.91-1.28, I(2)= 32%). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis finds evidence that cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and twinning, and tentative evidence that birth weight and gestational age, are associated with risk of testicular cancer.
BACKGROUND: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to testicular cancer risk, with a specific focus upon characteristics of the son. METHODS: Literature databases Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched using highly sensitive search strategies. Of 5865 references retrieved, 67 articles met the inclusion criteria, each of which was included in at least one perinatal analysis. RESULTS: Random effects meta-analysis produced the following results for association with testicular cancer risk: birth weight [per kilogram, odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.01, I(2)= 12%], low birth weight (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.08-1.67, I(2)= 51%), high birth weight (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.96-1.14, I(2)= 0%), gestational age (per week, OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98, I(2)= 38%; low vs not, OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.59, I(2)= 49%), cryptorchidism (OR = 4.30, 95% CI 3.62-5.11, I(2)= 44%), inguinal hernia (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.37-1.94, I(2)= 38%) and twinning (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.44, I(2)= 22%). Meta-analyses of the variables birth length, breastfeeding and neonatal jaundice did not provide evidence for an association with testicular cancer risk. When low birth weight was stratified by data ascertainment (record/registry vs self-report), only the category of self-report was indicative of an association. Meta-regression of data ascertainment (record/registry vs self-report) inferred that record-/registry-based studies were less supportive of an association with gestational age (per week = 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00, I(2)( )= 29%; low vs not = 1.08, 95% CI 0.91-1.28, I(2)= 32%). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis finds evidence that cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and twinning, and tentative evidence that birth weight and gestational age, are associated with risk of testicular cancer.
Authors: Lorenzo Richiardi; Olof Akre; Mats Lambe; Fredrik Granath; Scott M Montgomery; Anders Ekbom Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2004-05 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Helena E Virtanen; Robert Bjerknes; Dina Cortes; Niels Jørgensen; Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts; Arni V Thorsson; Jørgen Thorup; Katharina M Main Journal: Acta Paediatr Date: 2007-05 Impact factor: 2.299
Authors: Marie Walschaerts; Audrey Muller; Jacques Auger; Louis Bujan; Jean-François Guérin; Dominique Le Lannou; André Clavert; Alfred Spira; Pierre Jouannet; Patrick Thonneau Journal: Int J Androl Date: 2007-08