OBJECTIVES: This study examined effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on specific domains of infant cognitive function and the role of IDA-related socioemotional deficits in mediating and/or moderating these effects. METHODS: Infants were recruited during routine 9-month visits to an inner-city clinic. IDA was defined as hemoglobin level <110 g/L with > or =2 abnormal iron deficiency indicators (mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, zinc protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin). At 9 and 12 months, the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII); A-not-B task; Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey; and Behavior Rating Scale were administered. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including age and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Twenty-eight infants met criteria for IDA, 28 had nonanemic iron deficiency (NA ID) and 21 had iron sufficiency (IS). There was a linear effect for object permanence at 9 months: infants with IDA were least likely to exhibit object permanence, IS most likely, and NA ID intermediate. Infants with IDA and those with hemoglobin level < or =105 g/L showed poorer recognition memory on the FTII than infants without IDA. The Behavior Rating Scale orientation/engagement measure partially mediated these effects. Stronger effects of IDA on these outcomes were seen in infants who scored more poorly on the socioemotional measures. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate poorer object permanence and short-term memory encoding and/or retrieval in infants with IDA at 9 months. These cognitive effects were attributable, in part, to IDA-related deficits in socioemotional function. Children with poor socioemotional performance seem to be more vulnerable to the effects of IDA on cognitive function.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on specific domains of infant cognitive function and the role of IDA-related socioemotional deficits in mediating and/or moderating these effects. METHODS:Infants were recruited during routine 9-month visits to an inner-city clinic. IDA was defined as hemoglobin level <110 g/L with > or =2 abnormal iron deficiency indicators (mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, zinc protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin). At 9 and 12 months, the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII); A-not-B task; Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability Temperament Survey; and Behavior Rating Scale were administered. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including age and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Twenty-eight infants met criteria for IDA, 28 had nonanemic iron deficiency (NA ID) and 21 had iron sufficiency (IS). There was a linear effect for object permanence at 9 months: infants with IDA were least likely to exhibit object permanence, IS most likely, and NA ID intermediate. Infants with IDA and those with hemoglobin level < or =105 g/L showed poorer recognition memory on the FTII than infants without IDA. The Behavior Rating Scale orientation/engagement measure partially mediated these effects. Stronger effects of IDA on these outcomes were seen in infants who scored more poorly on the socioemotional measures. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate poorer object permanence and short-term memory encoding and/or retrieval in infants with IDA at 9 months. These cognitive effects were attributable, in part, to IDA-related deficits in socioemotional function. Children with poor socioemotional performance seem to be more vulnerable to the effects of IDA on cognitive function.
Authors: Erika A Tyburski; Scott E Gillespie; William A Stoy; Robert G Mannino; Alexander J Weiss; Alexa F Siu; Rayford H Bulloch; Karthik Thota; Anyela Cardenas; Wilena Session; Hanna J Khoury; Siobhán O'Connor; Silvia T Bunting; Jeanne Boudreaux; Craig R Forest; Manila Gaddh; Traci Leong; L Andrew Lyon; Wilbur A Lam Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2014-08-26 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Bart Larsen; Josiane Bourque; Tyler M Moore; Azeez Adebimpe; Monica E Calkins; Mark A Elliott; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur; Paul J Moberg; David R Roalf; Kosha Ruparel; Bruce I Turetsky; Simon N Vandekar; Daniel H Wolf; Russell T Shinohara; Theodore D Satterthwaite Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2020-01-27 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Eugenio Barone; Andrea Arena; Elizabeth Head; D Allan Butterfield; Marzia Perluigi Journal: Free Radic Biol Med Date: 2017-07-10 Impact factor: 7.376
Authors: Deborah J Stumpo; Carol S Trempus; Charles J Tucker; Weichun Huang; Leping Li; Kimberly Kluckman; Donna M Bortner; Perry J Blackshear Journal: Development Date: 2016-03-07 Impact factor: 6.868