Synthesis and chemical characterisation of new bis-thieno [2,3-b]thiophene derivatives.

Using 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide as synthon a series of new bis-heterocycles incorporating the thieno[2,3-b]thiophene nucleus was prepared and characterized.

1. Introduction

Thienothiophene derivatives represent important building blocks in organic and medicinal chemistry. They have been developed for different pharmaceutical purposes and have been tested as potential antitumor, antiviral, antibiotic, and antiglaucoma drugs, or as inhibitors of n class="Disease">platelet aggregation [1,2,3,4,5,6]. On the other hand, hydrazone derivatives are reported to possess antimicrobial [7], antitubercular [8], anticonvulsant [9] and anti-inflammatory [10] activities.

The utility of hydrazides as key intermediates in the synthesis of several series of heterocyclic compounds and the broad spectrum of biological activities that have been reported for their cyclized products [11,12,13,14] has aroused interest in exploring the utility of n class="Chemical">hydrazides as versatile precursors for the synthesis of a variety of substituted heterocycles [15,16,17,18,19]. Several Schiff’s bases, hydrazones and hydrazides of isoniazid have shown good activity against tubercular, fungal and bacterial infections [20,21]. A number of hydrazide–hydrazone derivatives have been claimed to possess interesting antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antimalarial and antituberculosis- activities [22]. Acid hydrazides can be considered as useful intermediates leading to the formation of several heterocycles such as pyrazole and triazoles. Pyrazole derivatives are a very interesting class of heterocyclic compounds that have remarkable pharmacological activities as antibacterial, antifungal, and hypoglycemic compounds, as tumor necrosis inhibitor, and in the treatment of thromboembolic disorders [23,24,25,26]. In continuation of these findings, we report herein the synthesis of some novel bis-heterocycles containing a thieno[2,3-b]thiophene moiety as a base unit which are of interest as potential biologically active compounds or pharmaceuticals.

2. Results and Discussion

Diethyl 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate (1) was prepared according to literature methods [27]. Next, the reaction of compound 1 with n class="Chemical">hydrazine hydrate in refluxing ethanol gave the bis-hydrazide 2 (Scheme 1). The IR spectrum of the latter revealed the appearance of three absorption bands at 3,304, 3,220, and 3,159 cm–1 due to NH2 and NH functions and its mass spectrum showed a peak corresponding to its molecular ion at m/z = 346 [M+].

Scheme 1

Reaction of 2,5-dicarbohydrazide 2 with aromatic aldehydes.

Reaction of 2,5-dicarbohydrazide 2 with n class="Chemical">aromatic aldehydes.

Subsequent treatment of compound 2 with appropriate aldehydes in refluxing n class="Chemical">ethanol yielded the corresponding hydrazones 3a-c (Scheme 1). The structures of the latter products were established on the basis of the appearance of an NH absorption band in the 3,229–3,140 cm-1 region and a carbonyl function band in the 1665-1644 cm-1 region of their IR spectra, whereas their 1H-NMR spectra revealed the presence of a signal due to the -CH=N- proton in the 8.12–8.56 ppm region and a D2O exchangeable signal (NH) in the 9.98-10.75 ppm region.

The hydrazide derivative 2 also reacted with active methylene derivatives4a-c to afford the corresponding n class="Chemical">pyrazolo derivatives 5a-c (Scheme 2). The structures of compounds 5a-c were in agreement with their spectral and analytical data. For example, the 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 5b contained a new singlet at δ = 8.10 ppm, not present in the spectrum of the starting material, and attributed to the CH of the pyrazolo ring, and the mass spectra of 5a-c contained molecular ion peaks at m/z = 478, 478, and 474, respectively, in agreement with their calculated masses.

Scheme 2

Reaction of 2,5-dicarbohydrazide 2 with active methelene derivatives 4a-c.

Reaction of 2,5-dicarbohydrazide 2 with active n class="Chemical">methelene derivatives 4a-c.

Treatment of compound 2 with the sodium nitrite in n class="Chemical">acetic acid yielded the corresponding azide derivative 6 (Scheme 3). Its IR spectrum and its 1H-NMR were free of NH and NH2 proton signals.

Scheme 3

Reaction of 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbonyl diazide (6) with active methylene derivatives.

The reaction of compound 6 with active methylene derivatives in sodium ethoxide afforded the corresponding n class="Chemical">triazole derivatives 7a-c (Scheme 3). The structures of the latter were deduced from their elemental analyses and spectral data. The 13C-NMR spectrum of 7c, as an example, revealed fourteen carbon signals. Its 1H-NMR spectrum displayed singlets at δ 4.25 ppm attributable to the NH2 protons. Its IR spectrum revealed the appearance of an absorption band at 3,309 cm–1 due to the NH2 groups, in addition to the carbonyl absorption band at 1,685 cm–1. Its mass spectrum showed a peak corresponding to its molecular ion at m/z = 500 [M+].

3. Experimental

3.1. General

All melting points were measured on a Gallenkamp melting point apparatus. IR spectra were measured as KBr pellets on a Pye-Unicam SP 3-300 spectrophotometer. The NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury VX-300 NMR spectrometer. 1H-NMR (300 MHz) and n class="Chemical">13C-NMR (75.46 MHz) were run in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO-d6). Mass spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu GCMS-QP 1000 EX mass spectrometer at 70 eV. Elemental analysis was carried out on an Elementar Vario EL analyzer. Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivative 1 was prepared following a literature procedure [27].

3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (2). A mixture of compound 1 (3.74 g, 10 mmol) and n class="Chemical">hydrazine hydrate (1.0g, 20 mmol) in absolute ethanol (100 mL) was refluxed for 2 h. The separated white solid was filtered off and recrystallized from EtOH / DMF to give the title compound 2. Yield: 87%; m.p. 204-206°C; IR (νmax): 3,304, 3,220, 3,159 (NH, NH2), 1639 (C=O) cm‑1; 1H-NMR: δ 1.85 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.39–4.50 (br. s, 4H, NH2, D2O exchangeable), 7.39–7.49 (m, 5H, ArH), 8.26 (s, 1H, NH), 9.41(s, 1H, NH); 13C-NMR: δ 14.4, 128.8, 130.2, 132.9, 134.5, 136.3, 138.8, 146.0, 162.1, 162.8, 171.3; MS m/z (%): 347 (M+ + 1, 94), 348 (M+ + 2, 66.7), 346 (M+, 100), 206.9 (25.3); Anal. calcd. for C15H14N4O2S2 (346.43): C, 52.01; H, 4.07; N, 16.17; S, 18.51. Found: C, 51.97; H, 4.11; N, 16.18; S, 18.47.

3.2. Reaction of 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (2) with aldehydes

A mixture of the hydrazide 2 (3.46 g, 10 mmol) and the appropriate n class="Chemical">aldehyde (20 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was refluxed for 4 h. The formed solid product was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol and dried. Recrystallization from the appropriate solvent afforded the corresponding hydrazone derivatives 3a-c.

Dibenzylidene-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (3a). n class="Chemical">Yellowish solid; 77%; m.p. 295 °C (EtOH/DMF); IR νmax: 3,140 (NH), 1,657 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.13 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.43-7.68 (m, 15H, ArH), 6.77(s, 2H, -CH=N-), 10.75 (br. s, 2H, NH, D2O-exchangable); 13C-NMR: δ 12.3, 123.7, 127.5, 128.7, 129.5, 131.6, 135.4, 136.7, 150.8, 159.3, 173.2; MS m/z (%) 523 (M++1, 88.6%), 522 (M+, 100%), 207.9 (8.1%), 116 (8.4%), 62.9 (71.4.5%); Anal. calcd. for C29H22N4O2S2 (522.6): C, 66.64; H,4.24; N, 10.52; S, 12.27. Found: C, 66.70; H, 4.14; N, 10.70; S, 12.24.

Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (3b). n class="Chemical">Yellowish solid; yield 80%; m.p. >300 °C (EtOH/ DMF); IR νmax: 3,304 (OH), 3,229 (NH), 1,644 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.36-7.57 (m, 13H, ArH), 6. 85 (s, 2H, -CH=N ), 9.57 (br. s, 2H, NH,), 9.98(s, 1H, OH,), 11.7 (s, 1H, OH,); 13C-NMR: δ 12.3, 123.6, 127.3, 128.8, 129.5, 131.6, 135.4, 136.7, 150.8, 159.3, 172.8; MS m/z (%) 555 (M++1, 88.6%), 554 (M+, 100%), 222 (9.4%), 161 (7.6%), 46.9 (44.7.5%); Anal. calcd. for C29H22N4O4S2 (554.6): C, 62.80; H,4.00; N, 10.10; S, 11.56. Found: C, 62.70; H, 4.14; N, 10.11; S, 12.44.

Bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (3c). n class="Chemical">Yellowish solid; yield 85%; m.p. >300 °C (EtOH/ DMF); IR νmax: 3,306 (OH), 3,229 (NH), 1,665 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.33-7.67 (m, 13H, ArH), 6.86 (s, 2H, -CH=N-), 8.57 (br. s, 2H, NH), 9.99 (s, 1H, OH), 11.66 (s, 1H, OH); 13C-NMR: δ 12.3, 123.2, 126.3, 128.9, 131.5, 135.9, 136.7, 150.8, 159.3, 176.6; MS m/z (%) 555 (M++1, 88.6%), 554 (M+, 100%), 222 (9.4%), 161 (7.6%), 46.9 (44.7.5%); Anal. calcd. for C29H22N4O4S2 (554.6): C, 62.80; H,4.00; N, 10.10; S, 11.56. Found: C, 62.70; H, 4.14; N, 10.11; S, 12.44.

3.3. Reaction of 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (2) with active methylene derivatives

A mixture of the hydrazide 2 (3.46 g, 10 mmol) and the appropriate n class="Chemical">malononitrile, ethyl acetoacetate or acetyl acetone 4a-c (20 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was refluxed for 5 h. After cooling the obtained solid was collected by filtration, dried and crystallized from EtOH/DMF.

[5-(3,5-Diamino-pyrazole-1-n class="Chemical">carbonyl)-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl]-(3,5-diamino-pyrazol-1-yl)-methanone (5a). Yellowish solid; yield 60%; m.p. >300 °C; IR νmax: 3,310–2,840 (2NH2), 1,670 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.33 and 4.50 (br. s, 4H, 4NH2, D2O exchangeable), 7.40–7.43 (m, 5H, ArH), 6.67 (s, 2H, -2CH=C); 13C-NMR: δ 12.7, 89.7, 127.7, 128.3, 129.8, 135.1, 139.7, 142.2, 140.3, 144.1, 152.8, 174.0; MS m/z (%) 479 (M++1, 88.6%), 478 (M+, 100%), 207 (30.7%), 76 (15.8%); Anal. calcd. for C21H18N8O2S2 (478.5): C, 52.71; H, 3.79; N, 23.42; S, 13.40. Found: C, 52.56; H, 3.65; N, 23.52; S, 13.28.

[5-(5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-pyrazole-1-n class="Chemical">carbonyl)-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl]-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-methanone (5b). Yellowish solid; yield 60%; m.p. 296 °C; IR νmax: 3,310 (OH), 1,669 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.43 (s, 6H, 2CH3), 7.42–7.43 (m, 5H, ArH), 6.10 (s, 2H, -CH=C), 13.1 (s, 2H, OH); 13C-NMR: δ 12.7, 13.9, 91.7, 127.7, 128.3, 129.8, 135.1, 139.7, 142.2, 143.2, 144.1, 152.8, 174.0; MS m/z (%) 479 (M++1, 88.6%), 478 (M+, 100%), 207 (32.1%), 76 (11.8%); Anal. calcd. for C23H18N4O4S2 (478.5): C, 57.73; H, 3.79; N, 11.71; S, 13.40. Found: C, 58.00; H, 3.64; N, 11.70; S, 13.49.

[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-pyrazole-1-n class="Chemical">carbonyl)-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl]-(3,5-dimethyl- yrazol-1-yl)-methanone (5c). Colorless solid; yield 65%; m.p. >300 °C; IR νmax: 1,670 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 1.91 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.96 (s, 6H, CH3), 2.00 (s, 6H, 2CH3) 7.41–7.42 (m, 5H, ArH), 6.10 (s, 2H, -CH=C); 13C-NMR: δ 12.7, 15.6, 92.0, 128.3, 129.8, 135.1, 139.7, 142.2, 140.2, 144.1, 146.8, 164,1 174.0; MS m/z (%) 475.6 (M++1, 88.6%), 474.6 (M+, 100%), 207 (14.1%), 76 (11.8%), 46.9 (9.9%); Anal. calcd. for C25H22N4O2S2 (474.6): C, 63.27; H, 4.67; N, 11.81; S, 13.51. Found: C, 63.10; H, 4.68; N, 11.67; S, 13.49.

3-Methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbonyl diazide (6). A mixture of compound 2 (3.74 g, 10 mmol) in n class="Chemical">acetic acid (30 mL) was treated with 10% sodium nitrite (2.76 g, 40 mmol) which was added dropwise at -5 °C with stirring for 1 h. The solid product was filtered off and recrystallized from ethanol. Colorless solid; yield 87%; m.p. 122°C; IR νmax: 1,678 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.01 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.34–7.47 (m, 5H, ArH); 13C-NMR: δ 14.6, 128.4, 128.7, 129.0, 129.5, 129.7, 131.0, 131.3, 147.0, 164.1; MS m/z (%) 369 (M++1, 88.6%), 368 (M+, 100%); Anal. calcd. for C15H8N6O2S2 (369.39): C, 48.90; H, 2.19; N, 22.81; S, 17.41. Found: C, 49.03; H, 2.30; N, 22.86; S, 17.42.

3.4. General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 7a-c

A solution of Na (0.56 g, 20 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added in one portion to an ice-cold solution of compound 6 (3.68 g, 10 mmol) and an active methylene compound (n class="Chemical">ethyl acetoacetate, thioglycolic acid or malononitrile) (20 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, the solvent evaporated in vacuo, and the concentrated ethanol solution then poured into cold water and the corresponding products were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol.

Ethyl-1-[(5-{4-[ethoxycarbonyl)-5-hydroxy(1,2,3)triazol-1-yl]}-4-methyl-3-phenyl-n class="Chemical">thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl) carbonyl]-5-hydroxy(1,2,3)triazole-4-carboxylate (7a). Yellow solid; yield 70%; m.p. 148 °C; IR νmax: 3,268 (OH), 1,713 (C=O), 1,686 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 1.67 (t, 6H, 2CH3), 2.02 (q, 4H, 2CH3), 4.14 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.41-7.55 (m, 5H, ArH), 12.12 (s, 2H, 2OH); 13C-NMR: δ 10.2, 14.1, 15.5, 59.5, 61,4, 62.3, 128.2, 129.8, 135.1, 139.6, 142.2, 144.4, 147.3, 165.2, 167.7; MS m/z (%) 597 (M++1, 88.6%), 596 (M+, 100%), 373 (99.9%), 329 (62.3%); Anal. calcd. for C25H20N6O8S2 (596.6): C, 50.33; H, 3.38; N, 14.09; S, 10.75. Found: C, 50.38; H, 3.40; N, 14.00; S, 10.73.

[5-(5-Hydroxy-4-mercapto(1,2,3)triazole-1-n class="Chemical">carbonyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl]-(5-hydroxy-4-mercapto(1,2,3)triazol-1-yl)-methanone (7b). Yellow solid; yield 75%; m.p. 168 °C; IR νmax; 3,268 (OH), 1,682 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.00 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.38–7.50 (m, 5H, ArH), 8.51(s, 2H, 2OH), 9.25(s, 2H, 2SH); 13C-NMR: δ 10.2, 58.5, 127.6, 129.8, 132.6, 135.1, 139.6, 142.2, 144.4, 152.3, 163.2, 167.0; MS m/z (%) 516 (M++1, 88.6%), 515 (M+, 100%), 374 (99.9%), 227 (89.3%); Anal. calcd. for C19H12N6O4S4 (516.6): C, 44.17; H, 2.34; N, 16.27; S, 24.83. Found: C, 44.20; H, 2.40; N, 16.09; S, 24.77.

[5-(5-Amino-3-cyano(1,2,3)n class="Chemical">triazole-1-carbonyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-yl]-(5-amino-3-cyano(1,2,3)triazol-1-yl)-methanone (7c). Yellow solid; yield 65%; m.p. 155°C; IR νmax: 3309 (NH2), 1568 (N=N), 1685 (C=O) cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ 2.04 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.05–427(br. s, 4H, 2NH2, D2O exchangeable), 7.34–7.45 (m, 5H, ArH); 13C-NMR: δ 10.2, 58.5, 127.6, 129.8, 132.6, 135.1, 139.6, 140.4, 142.2, 144.4, 152.3, 163.2, 167.0; MS m/z (%) 501 (M++1, 88.6%), 500 (M+, 100%), 207 (22.7%), 76 (6.6%); Anal. calcd. for C21H12N10O2S2 (500): C, 50.39; H, 2.42; N, 27.98; S, 12.81. Found: C, 50.36; H, 2.42; N, 27.77; S, 12.67.

4. Conclusions

Synthesis and identification of some bis-heterocycles 3a-c, 5a-c, 6 and 7a-c containing thieno[2,3-b]thiophene as a base unit via the versatile, hitherto unreported n class="Chemical">3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (2) was reported.