PURPOSE: To examine the heritability of spherical equivalent (SE) in older women. DESIGN: Population-based twin study. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety monozygotic (MZ) and 86 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs aged 63 to 76 years who were born from 1924 through 1937. METHODS: Ocular refraction was measured using an autorefractor and controlled by the subjective method. The contributions of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in SE were estimated by applying an independent pathway model to twin data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contribution of genetic and environmental effects to the variation in SE. RESULTS: Mean SE of the study population was 1.68 (standard deviation, ± 1.82) with no differences observed either between the MZ and the DZ individuals or between the left and the right eyes. The pairwise correlations were higher in the MZ sisters (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.803 right eye and 0.807 left eye) than DZ sisters (ICC, 0.406 right eye and 0.435 left eye). Quantitative genetic modelling showed that 83% (95% confidence interval, 77%-87%) of the variance in SE could be explained by heritable factors. CONCLUSIONS: Additive genetic influences explained most of the individual differences in SE among older Finnish women.
PURPOSE: To examine the heritability of spherical equivalent (SE) in older women. DESIGN: Population-based twin study. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety monozygotic (MZ) and 86 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs aged 63 to 76 years who were born from 1924 through 1937. METHODS: Ocular refraction was measured using an autorefractor and controlled by the subjective method. The contributions of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in SE were estimated by applying an independent pathway model to twin data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contribution of genetic and environmental effects to the variation in SE. RESULTS: Mean SE of the study population was 1.68 (standard deviation, ± 1.82) with no differences observed either between the MZ and the DZ individuals or between the left and the right eyes. The pairwise correlations were higher in the MZ sisters (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.803 right eye and 0.807 left eye) than DZ sisters (ICC, 0.406 right eye and 0.435 left eye). Quantitative genetic modelling showed that 83% (95% confidence interval, 77%-87%) of the variance in SE could be explained by heritable factors. CONCLUSIONS: Additive genetic influences explained most of the individual differences in SE among older Finnish women.
Authors: Ching-Yu Cheng; Maria Schache; M Kamran Ikram; Terri L Young; Jeremy A Guggenheim; Veronique Vitart; Stuart MacGregor; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Veluchamy A Barathi; Jiemin Liao; Pirro G Hysi; Joan E Bailey-Wilson; Beate St Pourcain; John P Kemp; George McMahon; Nicholas J Timpson; David M Evans; Grant W Montgomery; Aniket Mishra; Ya Xing Wang; Jie Jin Wang; Elena Rochtchina; Ozren Polasek; Alan F Wright; Najaf Amin; Elisabeth M van Leeuwen; James F Wilson; Craig E Pennell; Cornelia M van Duijn; Paulus T V M de Jong; Johannes R Vingerling; Xin Zhou; Peng Chen; Ruoying Li; Wan-Ting Tay; Yingfeng Zheng; Merwyn Chew; Kathryn P Burdon; Jamie E Craig; Sudha K Iyengar; Robert P Igo; Jonathan H Lass; Emily Y Chew; Toomas Haller; Evelin Mihailov; Andres Metspalu; Juho Wedenoja; Claire L Simpson; Robert Wojciechowski; René Höhn; Alireza Mirshahi; Tanja Zeller; Norbert Pfeiffer; Karl J Lackner; Thomas Bettecken; Thomas Meitinger; Konrad Oexle; Mario Pirastu; Laura Portas; Abhishek Nag; Katie M Williams; Ekaterina Yonova-Doing; Ronald Klein; Barbara E Klein; S Mohsen Hosseini; Andrew D Paterson; Kari-Matti Makela; Terho Lehtimaki; Mika Kahonen; Olli Raitakari; Nagahisa Yoshimura; Fumihiko Matsuda; Li Jia Chen; Chi Pui Pang; Shea Ping Yip; Maurice K H Yap; Akira Meguro; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Hidetoshi Inoko; Paul J Foster; Jing Hua Zhao; Eranga Vithana; E-Shyong Tai; Qiao Fan; Liang Xu; Harry Campbell; Brian Fleck; Igor Rudan; Tin Aung; Albert Hofman; André G Uitterlinden; Goran Bencic; Chiea-Chuen Khor; Hannah Forward; Olavi Pärssinen; Paul Mitchell; Fernando Rivadeneira; Alex W Hewitt; Cathy Williams; Ben A Oostra; Yik-Ying Teo; Christopher J Hammond; Dwight Stambolian; David A Mackey; Caroline C W Klaver; Tien-Yin Wong; Seang-Mei Saw; Paul N Baird Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2013-08-08 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Qing Li; Robert Wojciechowski; Claire L Simpson; Pirro G Hysi; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Mohammad Kamran Ikram; René Höhn; Veronique Vitart; Alex W Hewitt; Konrad Oexle; Kari-Matti Mäkelä; Stuart MacGregor; Mario Pirastu; Qiao Fan; Ching-Yu Cheng; Beaté St Pourcain; George McMahon; John P Kemp; Kate Northstone; Jugnoo S Rahi; Phillippa M Cumberland; Nicholas G Martin; Paul G Sanfilippo; Yi Lu; Ya Xing Wang; Caroline Hayward; Ozren Polašek; Harry Campbell; Goran Bencic; Alan F Wright; Juho Wedenoja; Tanja Zeller; Arne Schillert; Alireza Mirshahi; Karl Lackner; Shea Ping Yip; Maurice K H Yap; Janina S Ried; Christian Gieger; Federico Murgia; James F Wilson; Brian Fleck; Seyhan Yazar; Johannes R Vingerling; Albert Hofman; André Uitterlinden; Fernando Rivadeneira; Najaf Amin; Lennart Karssen; Ben A Oostra; Xin Zhou; Yik-Ying Teo; E Shyong Tai; Eranga Vithana; Veluchamy Barathi; Yingfeng Zheng; Rosalynn Grace Siantar; Kumari Neelam; Youchan Shin; Janice Lam; Ekaterina Yonova-Doing; Cristina Venturini; S Mohsen Hosseini; Hoi-Suen Wong; Terho Lehtimäki; Mika Kähönen; Olli Raitakari; Nicholas J Timpson; David M Evans; Chiea-Chuen Khor; Tin Aung; Terri L Young; Paul Mitchell; Barbara Klein; Cornelia M van Duijn; Thomas Meitinger; Jost B Jonas; Paul N Baird; David A Mackey; Tien Yin Wong; Seang-Mei Saw; Olavi Pärssinen; Dwight Stambolian; Christopher J Hammond; Caroline C W Klaver; Cathy Williams; Andrew D Paterson; Joan E Bailey-Wilson; Jeremy A Guggenheim Journal: Hum Genet Date: 2014-11-04 Impact factor: 4.132
Authors: Qiao Fan; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Robert Wojciechowski; Veluchamy A Barathi; Pirro G Hysi; Jeremy A Guggenheim; René Höhn; Veronique Vitart; Anthony P Khawaja; Kenji Yamashiro; S Mohsen Hosseini; Terho Lehtimäki; Yi Lu; Toomas Haller; Jing Xie; Cécile Delcourt; Mario Pirastu; Juho Wedenoja; Puya Gharahkhani; Cristina Venturini; Masahiro Miyake; Alex W Hewitt; Xiaobo Guo; Johanna Mazur; Jenifer E Huffman; Katie M Williams; Ozren Polasek; Harry Campbell; Igor Rudan; Zoran Vatavuk; James F Wilson; Peter K Joshi; George McMahon; Beate St Pourcain; David M Evans; Claire L Simpson; Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An; Robert P Igo; Alireza Mirshahi; Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire; Céline Bellenguez; Maria Blettner; Olli Raitakari; Mika Kähönen; Ilkka Seppala; Tanja Zeller; Thomas Meitinger; Janina S Ried; Christian Gieger; Laura Portas; Elisabeth M van Leeuwen; Najaf Amin; André G Uitterlinden; Fernando Rivadeneira; Albert Hofman; Johannes R Vingerling; Ya Xing Wang; Xu Wang; Eileen Tai-Hui Boh; M Kamran Ikram; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Preeti Gupta; Vincent Tan; Lei Zhou; Candice E H Ho; Wan'e Lim; Roger W Beuerman; Rosalynn Siantar; E-Shyong Tai; Eranga Vithana; Evelin Mihailov; Chiea-Chuen Khor; Caroline Hayward; Robert N Luben; Paul J Foster; Barbara E K Klein; Ronald Klein; Hoi-Suen Wong; Paul Mitchell; Andres Metspalu; Tin Aung; Terri L Young; Mingguang He; Olavi Pärssinen; Cornelia M van Duijn; Jie Jin Wang; Cathy Williams; Jost B Jonas; Yik-Ying Teo; David A Mackey; Konrad Oexle; Nagahisa Yoshimura; Andrew D Paterson; Norbert Pfeiffer; Tien-Yin Wong; Paul N Baird; Dwight Stambolian; Joan E Bailey Wilson; Ching-Yu Cheng; Christopher J Hammond; Caroline C W Klaver; Seang-Mei Saw; Jugnoo S Rahi; Jean-François Korobelnik; John P Kemp; Nicholas J Timpson; George Davey Smith; Jamie E Craig; Kathryn P Burdon; Rhys D Fogarty; Sudha K Iyengar; Emily Chew; Sarayut Janmahasatian; Nicholas G Martin; Stuart MacGregor; Liang Xu; Maria Schache; Vinay Nangia; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Alan F Wright; Jeremy R Fondran; Jonathan H Lass; Sheng Feng; Jing Hua Zhao; Kay-Tee Khaw; Nick J Wareham; Taina Rantanen; Jaakko Kaprio; Chi Pui Pang; Li Jia Chen; Pancy O Tam; Vishal Jhanji; Alvin L Young; Angela Döring; Leslie J Raffel; Mary-Frances Cotch; Xiaohui Li; Shea Ping Yip; Maurice K H Yap; Ginevra Biino; Simona Vaccargiu; Maurizio Fossarello; Brian Fleck; Seyhan Yazar; Jan Willem L Tideman; Milly Tedja; Margaret M Deangelis; Margaux Morrison; Lindsay Farrer; Xiangtian Zhou; Wei Chen; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Akira Meguro; Kari Matti Mäkelä Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-03-29 Impact factor: 14.919