Biological performance of biodegradable amino acid-based poly(ester amide)s: Endothelial cell adhesion and inflammation in vitro.

Functionalized amino-acid-based poly(ester-amide)s (PEA) are a new family of synthetic biodegradable polymers consisting of three naturally occurring building blocks (amino acids, diols, and dicarboxylic acids) that have been suggested to be promising biomaterials for therapeutic use. However, little is known about their cytotoxicity, ability to support cell growth, inflammatory properties, or mechanical properties, key aspects to most biomaterials designed for in vivo implantation and tissue engineering applications. In this study, we investigated the ability of two functionalized PEA materials (amino-functionalized and carboxylic acid functionalized) and a neutral PEA control to support endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion. Additionally, we investigated the inflammatory response elicited by these functionalized PEA materials using a macrophage cell model. Our results indicate that all forms of PEA were noncytotoxic and noninflammatory in vitro. The amino-functionalized PEA bests supports endothelial cell adhesion, growth, and monolayer formation. Mechanical testing indicates that the elastic moduli of these materials are strongly dependent on the charge formulation, but do exhibit linearly elastic behavior at small strains (<10%). Our data suggest that PEA may be a viable biomaterial for use in tissue engineering applications, particularly for use as a vascular graft.