G W S Kong1, T K H Chung, B P Y Lai, I H Lok. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China. gracekong@cuhk.edu.hk
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore men's psychological reaction and its evolutionary course over 1 year after miscarriage, to compare this reaction with that of their female partners and to investigate the possible correlation of psychological states between partners. DESIGN: Prospective 1-year longitudinal observational study. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. Sample Eighty-three miscarrying couples. METHODS: The psychological reactions of miscarrying women and their male partners were assessed immediately and at 3, 6 and 12 months after miscarriage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: A substantial proportion of men (43.4%) scored high in GHQ-12 and 16.9% scored high in BDI immediately after miscarriage. In men, both psychometric scores decreased sharply within the first 3 months and reached a plateau. When compared with women, men scored significantly lower in GHQ-12 and BDI during the 1-year course after miscarriage. A planned pregnancy was a significant risk factor (P = 0.008) associated with an initial high BDI score in men. There was a significant positive correlation between couples in both GHQ-12 and BDI scores throughout the longitudinal course. CONCLUSIONS: Although the psychological impact of miscarriage on men was less enduring when compared with that on women, a significant proportion of men demonstrated psychological distress after miscarriage. The significant positive correlation in a couple's psychological reaction indicated that psychological morbidity was not confined only to a woman's own experience, but also affected her relationship with her male partner.
OBJECTIVE: To explore men's psychological reaction and its evolutionary course over 1 year after miscarriage, to compare this reaction with that of their female partners and to investigate the possible correlation of psychological states between partners. DESIGN: Prospective 1-year longitudinal observational study. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. Sample Eighty-three miscarrying couples. METHODS: The psychological reactions of miscarrying women and their male partners were assessed immediately and at 3, 6 and 12 months after miscarriage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: A substantial proportion of men (43.4%) scored high in GHQ-12 and 16.9% scored high in BDI immediately after miscarriage. In men, both psychometric scores decreased sharply within the first 3 months and reached a plateau. When compared with women, men scored significantly lower in GHQ-12 and BDI during the 1-year course after miscarriage. A planned pregnancy was a significant risk factor (P = 0.008) associated with an initial high BDI score in men. There was a significant positive correlation between couples in both GHQ-12 and BDI scores throughout the longitudinal course. CONCLUSIONS: Although the psychological impact of miscarriage on men was less enduring when compared with that on women, a significant proportion of men demonstrated psychological distress after miscarriage. The significant positive correlation in a couple's psychological reaction indicated that psychological morbidity was not confined only to a woman's own experience, but also affected her relationship with her male partner.
Authors: C B Okeke Ogwulu; I Goranitis; A J Devall; V Cheed; I D Gallos; L J Middleton; H M Harb; H M Williams; A Eapen; J P Daniels; A Ahmed; R Bender-Atik; K Bhatia; C Bottomley; J Brewin; M Choudhary; S Deb; W C Duncan; A K Ewer; K Hinshaw; T Holland; F Izzat; J Johns; M Lumsden; P Manda; J E Norman; N Nunes; C E Overton; K Kriedt; S Quenby; S Rao; J Ross; A Shahid; M Underwood; N Vaithilingham; L Watkins; C Wykes; A W Horne; D Jurkovic; A Coomarasamy; T E Roberts Journal: BJOG Date: 2020-01-30 Impact factor: 6.531
Authors: N A du Fossé; E E L O Lashley; T T Treurniet; J M M van Lith; S le Cessie; H Boosman; M L P van der Hoorn Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2021-11-30 Impact factor: 3.007