The role of macrophages and mast cells in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in cervical carcinogenesis.

During carcinogenesis it is known that growth factors and cytokines from stromal and inflammatory cells from the microenvironment promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, the participation of macrophages and mast cells in these processes is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mast cell and macrophage density with blood and lymphatic vessels in various stages of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Tissue sections from archival paraffin-embedded samples from cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) 1, 2, 3, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma were used. Immunohistochemical staining was done using the following antibodies: anti-LYVE-1; anti-CD31; anti-CD68, and anti-tryptase. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of macrophages in carcinoma in situ, a correlation between lymphatic vessels and macrophages in premalignant lesions CIN 2, and a correlation between mast cells and blood vessels in both CIN 2 and carcinoma in situ. In conclusion, our data underscore the importance of the recruitment of macrophages and mast cells in the development of tumor-associated blood and lymphatic capillaries.