Safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation therapy in Chinese patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and hypertension.

Limited evidence is available on the safety and efficacy of anticoagulants in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with concomitant hypertension. We investigated the safety and efficacy of 476 consecutive anticoagulated Chinese outpatients with non-valvular AF and hypertension. Occurrence of ischaemic stroke and major bleeding, and international normalized ratio (INR) values during these events were recorded. There was no significant difference in anticoagulation control between patients with or without hypertension. INR-specific incidence rates of the events were calculated, which showed no excessive risk for ischaemic stroke (2.5 vs 1.6% per year, P=0.22) or major bleeding (3.9 vs 3.2% per year, P=0.29) in non-valvular AF patients with or without hypertension. In multivariate analysis, congestive heart failure, smoking and high CHADS2 score were independent predictors for ischaemic stroke, whereas use of antiplatelet agents was an independent predictor for bleeding. It can be noted that hypertension was not associated with ischaemic stroke or major bleeding. Hypertensive patients who achieved target blood pressure control (<130/80 mm Hg) had a lower ischaemic stroke (0.9 vs 3.1% per year, P=0.01), but similar bleeding risk compared with those not achieving target blood pressure. Our findings demonstrate the effects of hypertension on the outcomes of warfarin therapy; further investigation is needed to clarify whether more aggressive antihypertensive therapy could result in better outcomes in hypertensive patients with non-valvular AF.