Muscle origin of porcine satellite cells affects in vitro differentiation potential.

Post-natal muscle regeneration relies on the activation of tissue stem cells known as satellite cells, to repair damage following exercise trauma and disease. Satellite cells from individual muscles are known to be heterogeneous with regard to proliferation, fusion and transplantation abilities, although the muscle origin has rarely been considered pertinent to their differentiation capabilities. In this study we compared the potential of two functionally distinct skeletal muscle satellite cell populations from porcine diaphragm and hind-limb semi-membranosus muscles. These two muscles were chosen primarily for differences in metabolic and contractile properties: the diaphragm is more continuously active and has a greater oxidative capacity. Cells were induced to differentiate towards myogenic and adipogenic lineages, and here we have shown that cells from diaphragm exhibit a significantly greater degree of myogenesis compared with those from semi-membranosus, while the converse was true for adipogenesis. Unexpectedly, both conditions generated small numbers of cells with neuronal characteristics for both muscle types, although more so in cells derived from the diaphragm. With increased interest in muscle adiposity with age and disease, these findings suggest that muscle origin of satellite cells does affect lineage fate, however whether differences in developmental origin or metabolic activity of the parent tissue govern this, remains to be determined. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.