BACKGROUND: It is widely reported that hexose sugars slow gastric emptying (GE) via osmoreceptor stimulation but this remains uncertain. We evaluated the effects of a panel of hexoses of differing molecular structure, assessing the effects of osmolality, intra-individual reproducibility and the role of the CCK(1) receptor, in the regulation of GE by hexoses. METHODS:Thirty one healthy non-obese male and female subjects were studied in a series of protocols, using a (13) C-acetate breath test to evaluate GE of varying concentrations of glucose, galactose, fructose and tagatose, with water, NaCl and lactulose as controls. GE was further evaluated following the administration of a CCK(1) receptor antagonist. Three subjects underwent repeated studies to evaluate intra-individual reproducibility. KEY RESULTS: At 250 mOsmol, a hexose-specific effect was apparent: tagatose slowed GE more potently than water, glucose and fructose (P < 0.05). Fructose (P < 0.05) also slowed GE, but with substantial inter-, but not intra-, individual differences. As osmolality increased further the hexose-specific differences were lost. At 500 mOsmol, all hexoses slowed GE compared with water (P < 0.05), whereas lactulose and saline did not. The slowing of GE by hexose sugars appeared to be CCK(1) receptor-dependent. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The effects of hexose sugars on GE appear related to their molecular structure rather than osmolality per se, and are, at least in part, CCK(1) receptor-dependent.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: It is widely reported that hexose sugars slow gastric emptying (GE) via osmoreceptor stimulation but this remains uncertain. We evaluated the effects of a panel of hexoses of differing molecular structure, assessing the effects of osmolality, intra-individual reproducibility and the role of the CCK(1) receptor, in the regulation of GE by hexoses. METHODS: Thirty one healthy non-obese male and female subjects were studied in a series of protocols, using a (13) C-acetate breath test to evaluate GE of varying concentrations of glucose, galactose, fructose and tagatose, with water, NaCl and lactulose as controls. GE was further evaluated following the administration of a CCK(1) receptor antagonist. Three subjects underwent repeated studies to evaluate intra-individual reproducibility. KEY RESULTS: At 250 mOsmol, a hexose-specific effect was apparent: tagatose slowed GE more potently than water, glucose and fructose (P < 0.05). Fructose (P < 0.05) also slowed GE, but with substantial inter-, but not intra-, individual differences. As osmolality increased further the hexose-specific differences were lost. At 500 mOsmol, all hexoses slowed GE compared with water (P < 0.05), whereas lactulose and saline did not. The slowing of GE by hexose sugars appeared to be CCK(1) receptor-dependent. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The effects of hexose sugars on GE appear related to their molecular structure rather than osmolality per se, and are, at least in part, CCK(1) receptor-dependent.
Authors: Robert E Steinert; Christine Feinle-Bisset; Lori Asarian; Michael Horowitz; Christoph Beglinger; Nori Geary Journal: Physiol Rev Date: 2017-01 Impact factor: 37.312
Authors: Tanya J Little; Shane McKie; Richard B Jones; Massimo D'Amato; Craig Smith; Orsolya Kiss; David G Thompson; John T McLaughlin Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2014-03-28 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Anna Wittekind; Kelly Higgins; Lauren McGale; Camille Schwartz; Nikoleta S Stamataki; Gary K Beauchamp; Angela Bonnema; Pierre Dussort; Sigrid Gibson; Cees de Graaf; Jason C G Halford; Cyril F M Marsaux; Richard D Mattes; John McLaughlin; David J Mela; Sophie Nicklaus; Peter J Rogers; Ian A Macdonald Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2018-03-13 Impact factor: 5.095