OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between 24 h urinary water-soluble vitamin levels and their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren. DESIGN: All foods consumed for four consecutive days were recorded accurately by a weighed food record. A single 24 h urine sample was collected on the fourth day, and the urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins were measured. SETTING: An elementary school in Inazawa City, Japan. SUBJECTS: A total of 114 healthy, free-living, Japanese elementary-school children aged 10-12 years. RESULTS: The urinary level of each water-soluble vitamin was correlated positively to its mean intake in the past 2-4 d (vitamin B1: r = 0·42, P < 0·001; vitamin B2: r = 0·43, P < 0·001; vitamin B6: r = 0·49, P < 0·001; niacin: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; niacin equivalents: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; pantothenic acid: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; folic acid: r = 0·27, P < 0·01; vitamin C: r = 0·39, P < 0.001), except for vitamin B12 (r = 0·10, P = NS). Estimated mean intakes of water-soluble vitamins calculated using urinary levels and recovery rates were 97-102 % of their 3 d mean intake, except for vitamin B12 (79 %). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins, except for vitamin B12, reflected their recent intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren and could be used as a potential biomarker to estimate mean vitamin intake.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between 24 h urinary water-soluble vitamin levels and their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren. DESIGN: All foods consumed for four consecutive days were recorded accurately by a weighed food record. A single 24 h urine sample was collected on the fourth day, and the urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins were measured. SETTING: An elementary school in Inazawa City, Japan. SUBJECTS: A total of 114 healthy, free-living, Japanese elementary-school children aged 10-12 years. RESULTS: The urinary level of each water-soluble vitamin was correlated positively to its mean intake in the past 2-4 d (vitamin B1: r = 0·42, P < 0·001; vitamin B2: r = 0·43, P < 0·001; vitamin B6: r = 0·49, P < 0·001; niacin: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; niacin equivalents: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; pantothenic acid: r = 0·32, P < 0·001; folic acid: r = 0·27, P < 0·01; vitamin C: r = 0·39, P < 0.001), except for vitamin B12 (r = 0·10, P = NS). Estimated mean intakes of water-soluble vitamins calculated using urinary levels and recovery rates were 97-102 % of their 3 d mean intake, except for vitamin B12 (79 %). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins, except for vitamin B12, reflected their recent intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren and could be used as a potential biomarker to estimate mean vitamin intake.
Authors: Phil M Choi; Benjamin Tscharke; Saer Samanipour; Wayne D Hall; Coral E Gartner; Jochen F Mueller; Kevin V Thomas; Jake W O'Brien Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2019-10-07 Impact factor: 11.205