Expectations, validity, and reality in omics.

Diverse methods of large-scale measurements of biological processes have emerged in the last 15 years and their list is growing rapidly. Almost invariably, these advances in omics have been associated with major expectations of transforming not only biological knowledge but also medicine and health. However, practical applications of omics in biomedicine have often suffered from poor attention to issues of validity. As a consequence, major promises of personalized medicine have not yet materialized in improving patient or population outcomes. Several omics fields increasingly realize the need to safeguard the validity of their efforts, make reporting more transparent, and improve the translational potential of their studies. Many discoveries point indeed toward a highly individualized profile of health and disease, where each case is different, but this is currently difficult to translate into more effective personalized treatment or prevention. Given the exponential growth of collected data, understanding is often drowning in the sea of measurements.