OBJECTIVE: Large randomized trials have confirmed a difference in outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between men and women. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the gender-specific characteristics causing these perioperative and long-term outcome differences between men and women after CEA. METHODS: A systematic search strategy with the synonyms of 'gender' and 'carotid endarterectomy' was conducted from PubMed and EMBASE databases. Only 11 relevant studies specifically discussing gender-specific related characteristics and their influence on outcome after CEA could be identified. RESULTS: Due to the limited number of included studies, pooling of findings was impossible, and results are presented in a descriptive manner. Each included study described only one possible gender-specific factor. Differences in carotid artery diameter, sex hormones, sensitivity for antiplatelet therapy, plaque morphology, occurrence of microembolic signals, and restenosis rate have all been suggested as gender-specific characteristics influencing outcome after CEA. CONCLUSION: Higher embolic potential in women and relatively stable female plaque morphology are the best-described factors influencing the difference in outcomes between men and women. However, the overall evidence for outcome differences by gender-specific characteristics in the literature is limited.
OBJECTIVE: Large randomized trials have confirmed a difference in outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between men and women. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the gender-specific characteristics causing these perioperative and long-term outcome differences between men and women after CEA. METHODS: A systematic search strategy with the synonyms of 'gender' and 'carotid endarterectomy' was conducted from PubMed and EMBASE databases. Only 11 relevant studies specifically discussing gender-specific related characteristics and their influence on outcome after CEA could be identified. RESULTS: Due to the limited number of included studies, pooling of findings was impossible, and results are presented in a descriptive manner. Each included study described only one possible gender-specific factor. Differences in carotid artery diameter, sex hormones, sensitivity for antiplatelet therapy, plaque morphology, occurrence of microembolic signals, and restenosis rate have all been suggested as gender-specific characteristics influencing outcome after CEA. CONCLUSION: Higher embolic potential in women and relatively stable female plaque morphology are the best-described factors influencing the difference in outcomes between men and women. However, the overall evidence for outcome differences by gender-specific characteristics in the literature is limited.
Authors: Margriet Fokkema; Rodney P Bensley; Ruby C Lo; Allan D Hamden; Mark C Wyers; Frans L Moll; Gert Jan de Borst; Marc L Schermerhorn Journal: J Vasc Surg Date: 2013-02-04 Impact factor: 4.268
Authors: Jeffrey Jim; Ellen D Dillavou; Gilbert R Upchurch; Nicholas H Osborne; Christopher T Kenwood; Flora S Siami; Rodney A White; Joseph J Ricotta Journal: J Vasc Surg Date: 2013-11-15 Impact factor: 4.268
Authors: Sofie Schmid; Pavlos Tsantilas; Christoph Knappich; Michael Kallmayer; Thomas König; Thorben Breitkreuz; Alexander Zimmermann; Andreas Kuehnl; Hans-Henning Eckstein Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2017-03-13 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Leo H Bonati; John Gregson; Joanna Dobson; Dominick J H McCabe; Paul J Nederkoorn; H Bart van der Worp; Gert J de Borst; Toby Richards; Trevor Cleveland; Mandy D Müller; Thomas Wolff; Stefan T Engelter; Philippe A Lyrer; Martin M Brown Journal: Lancet Neurol Date: 2018-06-01 Impact factor: 44.182