Cytochemical demonstration of aspartate aminotransferase activity in the rat retina.

The mitochondrial (m-AAT) and the cytoplasmic (c-AAT) isoenzyme activities of the glutamate synthesizing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase have been localized in the rat retina on the ultrastructural level using enzyme histochemistry. Reaction product of c-AAT was found selectively in cone pedicles, in presynaptic terminals of a subpopulation of amacrine cells and of horizontal cell processes, which are connected to rods. Rod spherules, terminals of cone-related horizontal cells and of bipolar cells reacted negatively, as well as ganglion cells, nerve fibre layer and optic nerve, m-AAT reaction product was found in all neuronal structures, most densely in the photoreceptor inner segments. The localization of c-AAT activity is in accordance with its presumed meaning in the production of releasable glutamate.