BACKGROUND: Brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in São Paulo. Our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE). METHODS: We performed a 5-year (2004-2008) prospective surveillance at a sentinel hospital in São Paulo, with routine testing for rotavirus in all children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with AGE. Genotypes of positive samples were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: During the study, 655 children hospitalized with AGE were enrolled; of whom 169 (25.8%) were positive for rotavirus. In the postvaccine period, a 59% reduction in the number of hospitalizations of rotavirus AGE and a 42.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6%-59.0%; P = 0.001) reduction in the proportion of rotavirus-positive results among children younger than 5 years were observed, with the greatest decline among infants (69.2%; 95% CI, 24.7%-87.4%; P = 0.004). Furthermore, the number of all-cause hospitalizations for AGE was reduced by 29% among children aged <5 years. The onset and peak incidences of rotavirus AGE occurred 3 months later in the 2007 and 2008 seasons compared with previous years. Genotype G2 accounted for 15%, 70%, and 100% of all cases identified, respectively, in 2006, 2007, and 2008. CONCLUSIONS: After vaccine implementation, a marked decline in rotavirus AGE hospitalizations was demonstrated among children younger than 5 years of age, with the greatest reduction in the age groups targeted for vaccination. The predominance of genotype G2P[4] highlights the need of continued postlicensure surveillance studies.
BACKGROUND: Brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in São Paulo. Our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE). METHODS: We performed a 5-year (2004-2008) prospective surveillance at a sentinel hospital in São Paulo, with routine testing for rotavirus in all children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with AGE. Genotypes of positive samples were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: During the study, 655 children hospitalized with AGE were enrolled; of whom 169 (25.8%) were positive for rotavirus. In the postvaccine period, a 59% reduction in the number of hospitalizations of rotavirus AGE and a 42.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6%-59.0%; P = 0.001) reduction in the proportion of rotavirus-positive results among children younger than 5 years were observed, with the greatest decline among infants (69.2%; 95% CI, 24.7%-87.4%; P = 0.004). Furthermore, the number of all-cause hospitalizations for AGE was reduced by 29% among children aged <5 years. The onset and peak incidences of rotavirus AGE occurred 3 months later in the 2007 and 2008 seasons compared with previous years. Genotype G2 accounted for 15%, 70%, and 100% of all cases identified, respectively, in 2006, 2007, and 2008. CONCLUSIONS: After vaccine implementation, a marked decline in rotavirus AGE hospitalizations was demonstrated among children younger than 5 years of age, with the greatest reduction in the age groups targeted for vaccination. The predominance of genotype G2P[4] highlights the need of continued postlicensure surveillance studies.
Authors: Catherine Yen; Jacqueline E Tate; Terri B Hyde; Margaret M Cortese; Benjamin A Lopman; Baoming Jiang; Roger I Glass; Umesh D Parashar Journal: Hum Vaccin Immunother Date: 2014-04-22 Impact factor: 3.452
Authors: V L Rahajamanana; J L Raboba; A Rakotozanany; N J Razafindraibe; E J P R Andriatahirintsoa; A C Razafindrakoto; S A Mioramalala; C Razaiarimanga; G G Weldegebriel; E Burnett; J M Mwenda; M Seheri; M J Mphahlele; A L Robinson Journal: Vaccine Date: 2017-09-25 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Casey L McAtee; Rachel Webman; Robert H Gilman; Carolina Mejia; Caryn Bern; Sonia Apaza; Susan Espetia; Mónica Pajuelo; Mayuko Saito; Roxanna Challappa; Richard Soria; Jose P Ribera; Daniel Lozano; Faustino Torrico Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2015-11-23 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Virginia E Pitzer; Katherine E Atkins; Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio; Thierry Van Effelterre; Christina J Atchison; John P Harris; Eunha Shim; Alison P Galvani; W John Edmunds; Cécile Viboud; Manish M Patel; Bryan T Grenfell; Umesh D Parashar; Ben A Lopman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-08-13 Impact factor: 3.240