Ali Kemal Topaloglu1, Leman Damla Kotan. 1. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey. ktopaloglu@cu.edu.tr
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: What controls puberty remains largely unknown and current gene mutations account for only about one-third of the apparently genetic cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Lately important developments have occurred in this field. RECENT FINDINGS: Substantial variation in clinical expression, from complete anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to delayed puberty and normosmia, of the same Kallmann syndrome gene defects including in newer ones (FGF8 and CHD7) continues to be repeatedly observed. Digenic or oligogenic inheritance becomes another feature of Kallmann syndrome. Recent reports of mutations in TAC3 or TACR3 [encoding neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor, NK3R, respectively] provided compelling evidence for the involvement of NKB signaling in puberty. This energized the field to understand the exact mechanism through which NKB signaling exerts its effects. With the important findings from these recent studies in association with the substantial data from kisspeptin studies in the last 6 years a sketch of GnRH pulse generator has emerged in which NKB signaling appears to play a key role. SUMMARY: Autozygosity mapping may continue helping identify the other genes including those upstream to the GnRH pulse generator in this complex and elusive developmental process.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: What controls puberty remains largely unknown and current gene mutations account for only about one-third of the apparently genetic cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Lately important developments have occurred in this field. RECENT FINDINGS: Substantial variation in clinical expression, from complete anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to delayed puberty and normosmia, of the same Kallmann syndrome gene defects including in newer ones (FGF8 and CHD7) continues to be repeatedly observed. Digenic or oligogenic inheritance becomes another feature of Kallmann syndrome. Recent reports of mutations in TAC3 or TACR3 [encoding neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor, NK3R, respectively] provided compelling evidence for the involvement of NKB signaling in puberty. This energized the field to understand the exact mechanism through which NKB signaling exerts its effects. With the important findings from these recent studies in association with the substantial data from kisspeptin studies in the last 6 years a sketch of GnRH pulse generator has emerged in which NKB signaling appears to play a key role. SUMMARY: Autozygosity mapping may continue helping identify the other genes including those upstream to the GnRH pulse generator in this complex and elusive developmental process.
Authors: B Ian Hutchins; L Damla Kotan; Carol Taylor-Burds; Yusuf Ozkan; Paul J Cheng; Fatih Gurbuz; Jean D R Tiong; Eda Mengen; Bilgin Yuksel; A Kemal Topaloglu; Susan Wray Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2016-03-25 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Ihsan Turan; B Ian Hutchins; Bulent Hacihamdioglu; L Damla Kotan; Fatih Gurbuz; Ayca Ulubay; Eda Mengen; Bilgin Yuksel; Susan Wray; A Kemal Topaloglu Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2017-06-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: L Damla Kotan; B Ian Hutchins; Yusuf Ozkan; Fatma Demirel; Hudson Stoner; Paul J Cheng; Ihsan Esen; Fatih Gurbuz; Y Kenan Bicakci; Eda Mengen; Bilgin Yuksel; Susan Wray; A Kemal Topaloglu Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2014-09-04 Impact factor: 11.025