Changes of fluorescence lifetime and rotational correlation time of bovine serum albumin labeled with 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride in guanidine and thermal denaturations.

The nanosecond fluorescence depolarization method was applied to measure the fluorescence lifetime (tau) and the rotational correlation time (phi) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) labeled with 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl-Cl). Changes of tau and phi of dansyl BSA in the guanidine denaturation and in the thermal denaturation were examined. In parallel, the secondary structural change of dansyl BSA was followed by circular dichroism measurements. The magnitude of tau was almost unchanged between 1 and 2M guanidine, where the secondary structure of the protein was predominantly disrupted; whereas that of phi began to increase before the disruption of secondary structure in the guanidine denaturation. In the thermal denaturation, in contrast, changes of both tau and phi occurred in a temperature range where the secondary structure was predominantly disrupted. The volume of equivalent sphere (Ve) and the axial ratio (rho) for the BSA were 3.6-3.8 x 10(-19) cm3 and 3.6 at 2 M guanidine as against 2.1 x 10(-19) cm3 and 2.2 in the absence of guanidine (25 degrees C), respectively. The magnitudes of Ve and rho were 4.9 x 10(-19) cm3 and 4.5 at 65 degrees C, respectively. Although the secondary structural change of dansyl BSA was irreversible in the thermal denaturation, Ve and rho were reversible.