Physiological basis of multicompartmental models of drug distribution.

Although most pharmacokinetic studies are conducted in normal subjects, their clinical utility depends on the reliability with which the results can be extrapolated to patients. This reliability can be improved by increased understanding of how drug absorption and disposition mechanisms are affected by physiological changes or by disease. In recent years, important insight has been gained regarding the effects of altered renal function on drug elimination by the kidneys. There has also been considerable progress in defining the interaction of hemodynamic and metabolic factors that affect the hepatic elimination of drugs. Although comparatively little progress has been made in elucidating the underlying basis of changes in the rate and extent of drug distribution, Arthur Atkinson and colleagues analyse methods of compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis that may provide physiological insight into the factors affecting drug distribution.