Photovoice and its potential use in nutrition and dietetic research.

Photovoice is an innovative qualitative method of participatory action research based on health promotion principles; however, it has not been used to its full potential in health care, particularly in nutrition and dietetics. Photovoice is also based upon the theoretical literature on education for critical consciousness, feminist theory, and community-based approaches to documentary photography. Participants take photographs representing their views on a specific topic and discuss them in a group process of critical reflection. Originally designed for research with rural women, Photovoice has been used with a variety of population groups throughout the lifespan, such as adolescents, nurses and nursing students, professional groups, Aboriginal women, the elderly, immigrant and low-income groups, and patients with a variety of diseases. The use of Photovoice as a research method is not restricted by health conditions, financial situation, employment status, or literacy level. It is used in community settings, professional practice, or institutional learning environments to explore participants' views and opinions. We review studies in which Photovoice has been used, as well as the impacts, advantages, limitations, and ethics of its use. Gaps in knowledge and its potential use in nutrition and dietetic research are identified.