Independent gene duplications, not concerted evolution, explain relationships among class I MHC genes of murine rodents.

It has been claimed that class I MHC loci are homogenized within species by frequent events of interlocus genetic exchange ("concerted evolution"). Evidence for this process includes the fact that certain rat class I loci (including RT1.A) located centromeric to class II and class III are more similar to each other than to the mouse K locus (also centromeric to class II/class III). However, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the rat RT1.A locus is in fact orthologous to the mouse K1 pseudogene (also centromeric to class II/class III). Thus, two independent events of translocation of genes centromeric to class II/class III have occurred in the history of the murine rodents, at least one of which (involving the ancestor of RT1.A and K1) occurred prior to the divergence of rat and mouse. It was also found that the rat nonclassical class I gene RT.BM1 is orthologous to the mouse nonclassical gene 37d. These results argue that interlocus genetic exchange does not occur at a rate sufficient to cause within-species homogenization of class I MHC loci.