Circular fixation for the nonplantigrade Charcot foot.

Diabetes-associated neuropathic osteoarthropathy (Charcot foot) is increasingly being recognized as a destructive disease process that frequently leads to severe disability and is responsible for a severe negative impact on health-related quality of life. In addition, this diabetes-specific disease process creates a similar negative impact on the health care system by consuming health care resources for multiple surgical procedures, often leading to lower extremity amputation and premature death. There is growing interest among orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons to address surgical correction of the acquired deformities, with a goal of improving walking independence, which appears to reverse the impaired quality of life of affected individuals. Reconstructive surgery in this patient population is fraught with a substantial potential for unique complications, as many of the patients are morbidly obese, have large wounds overlying substantial bony deformity, have impaired immunity due to diabetes, and have underlying chronic osteomyelitis with poor bone quality. This review is focused on the applications of the principles of Ilizarov for providing surgical stabilization following correction of deformities. This application is best reserved for patients who are at the highest risk for complications or have failed with standard orthopedic methods of internal fixation.