OBJECTIVE: To describe adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a diverse community sample. METHOD: ADHD screening of a school district sample of 1,615 students aged 5 to 11 years was followed by a case-control study 8 years later. High-risk youths meeting full (n = 94) and subthreshold (n = 75) DSM-IV ADHD criteria were matched with demographically similar low-risk peers (n = 163). Outcomes domains included symptom, functional impairment, quality of life, substance use, educational outcomes, and juvenile justice involvement. RESULTS: In all, 44% of youths with childhood ADHD had not experienced remission. Compared with unaffected peers, adolescents with childhood ADHD were more likely to display oppositional defiant disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 12.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-30.0), anxiety/depression (OR = 10.3, 95% CI 2.7-39.3), significant functional impairment (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-6.9), reduced quality of life (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.7), and involvement with the juvenile justice system (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.0-9.1). Subthreshold ADHD, but not full ADHD, increased the risk of grade retention, whereas both conditions increased the risk of graduation failure. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), but not childhood ADHD, increased the risk of cannabis and alcohol use. None of the adolescent outcomes of childhood ADHD were moderated by gender, race or poverty. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD heralds persistence of ADHD and comorbid symptoms into adolescence, as well as significant risks for functional impairment and juvenile justice involvement. Subthreshold ADHD symptoms typically do not qualify affected students for special educational interventions, yet increase the risk for adverse educational outcomes. Findings stress the importance of early ADHD recognition, especially its comorbid presentation with ODD, for prevention and intervention strategies. 2010 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVE: To describe adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a diverse community sample. METHOD:ADHD screening of a school district sample of 1,615 students aged 5 to 11 years was followed by a case-control study 8 years later. High-risk youths meeting full (n = 94) and subthreshold (n = 75) DSM-IV ADHD criteria were matched with demographically similar low-risk peers (n = 163). Outcomes domains included symptom, functional impairment, quality of life, substance use, educational outcomes, and juvenile justice involvement. RESULTS: In all, 44% of youths with childhood ADHD had not experienced remission. Compared with unaffected peers, adolescents with childhood ADHD were more likely to display oppositional defiant disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 12.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-30.0), anxiety/depression (OR = 10.3, 95% CI 2.7-39.3), significant functional impairment (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-6.9), reduced quality of life (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.7), and involvement with the juvenile justice system (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.0-9.1). Subthreshold ADHD, but not full ADHD, increased the risk of grade retention, whereas both conditions increased the risk of graduation failure. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), but not childhood ADHD, increased the risk of cannabis and alcohol use. None of the adolescent outcomes of childhood ADHD were moderated by gender, race or poverty. CONCLUSIONS:ADHD heralds persistence of ADHD and comorbid symptoms into adolescence, as well as significant risks for functional impairment and juvenile justice involvement. Subthreshold ADHD symptoms typically do not qualify affected students for special educational interventions, yet increase the risk for adverse educational outcomes. Findings stress the importance of early ADHD recognition, especially its comorbid presentation with ODD, for prevention and intervention strategies. 2010 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Authors: Gerald J August; Ken C Winters; George M Realmuto; Tamara Fahnhorst; Andria Botzet; Susanne Lee Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2006-07 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Brooke S G Molina; William E Pelham; Elizabeth M Gnagy; Amanda L Thompson; Michael P Marshal Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2007-04 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Kouichi Yoshimasu; William J Barbaresi; Robert C Colligan; Robert G Voigt; Jill M Killian; Amy L Weaver; Slavica K Katusic Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2012-05-31 Impact factor: 8.982
Authors: Brooke S G Molina; Andrea L Howard; James M Swanson; Annamarie Stehli; John T Mitchell; Traci M Kennedy; Jeffery N Epstein; L Eugene Arnold; Lily Hechtman; Benedetto Vitiello; Betsy Hoza Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2018-01-08 Impact factor: 8.982
Authors: Alexandra Garcia Rosales; Silia Vitoratou; Tobias Banaschewski; Philip Asherson; Jan Buitelaar; Robert D Oades; Aribert Rothenberger; Hans-Christoph Steinhausen; Stephen V Faraone; Wai Chen Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2015-03-06 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Benjamin B Lahey; Robert F Krueger; Paul J Rathouz; Irwin D Waldman; David H Zald Journal: Psychol Bull Date: 2016-12-22 Impact factor: 17.737
Authors: Victoria K Robson; Christian Stopp; David Wypij; Carolyn Dunbar-Masterson; David C Bellinger; David R DeMaso; Leonard A Rappaport; Jane W Newburger Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2018-09-28 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Mark A Riddle; Kseniya Yershova; Deborah Lazzaretto; Natalya Paykina; Gayane Yenokyan; Laurence Greenhill; Howard Abikoff; Benedetto Vitiello; Tim Wigal; James T McCracken; Scott H Kollins; Desiree W Murray; Sharon Wigal; Elizabeth Kastelic; James J McGough; Susan dosReis; Audrey Bauzó-Rosario; Annamarie Stehli; Kelly Posner Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2013-02-08 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Rachel G Klein; Salvatore Mannuzza; María A Ramos Olazagasti; Erica Roizen; Jesse A Hutchison; Erin C Lashua; F Xavier Castellanos Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2012-12