Differences in illicit drug-use rates among Oklahoma and non-Oklahoma Indian youth.

Demographic factors may serve as risk or protective factors for drug use in American Indian communities. The purpose of the present study was to compare drug-use rates among Oklahoma and Non-Oklahoma Indian youth, and test corresponding rates of preventative and protective community, family, and social-demographic factors. Participants' data included 1,928 Indian 7th-12th graders from non-Oklahoma schools and 1,938 Indian students from schools in Oklahoma, aggregated across 2-3 years from an ongoing survey study of substance use and prevention among Indian youth. As predicted, one-way analysis of variance tests indicated that Oklahoma youth showed lower rates of drug use, later ages of initiation of drug use, and greater levels of perceived harm from using drugs. These differences were reflected in the predicted protective factor differences, including higher levels of exposure to anti-drug campaigns in the community and schools, greater family involvement in drug-use prevention, and lower levels of peer drug associations. The strength of these protective factors is illustrated by the fact that drug-use rates were lower among Oklahoma youth despite the perception among Oklahoma youth that drugs were more available, compared with non-Oklahoma youth. Limitations and suggestions for future research are noted.