INTRODUCTION: Contact investigations conducted in the United States of persons with tuberculosis (TB) who traveled by air while infectious have increased. However, data about transmission risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on aircraft are limited. METHODS: We analyzed data on index TB cases and passenger contacts from contact investigations initiated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2007 through June 2008. RESULTS: Contact investigations for 131 index cases met study inclusion criteria, including 4550 passenger contacts. U.S. health departments reported TB screening test results for 758 (22%) of assigned contacts; 182 (24%) had positive results. Of the 142 passenger contacts with positive TB test results with information about risk factors for prior TB infection, 130 (92%) had at least one risk factor and 12 (8%) had no risk factors. Positive TB test results were significantly associated with risk factors for prior TB infection (OR 23; p<0.001). No cases of TB disease among passenger contacts were reported. CONCLUSION: The risks of M. tuberculosis transmission during air travel remain difficult to quantify. Definitive assessment of transmission risks during flights and determination of the effectiveness of contact-tracing efforts will require comprehensive cohort studies.
INTRODUCTION: Contact investigations conducted in the United States of persons with tuberculosis (TB) who traveled by air while infectious have increased. However, data about transmission risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on aircraft are limited. METHODS: We analyzed data on index TB cases and passenger contacts from contact investigations initiated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2007 through June 2008. RESULTS: Contact investigations for 131 index cases met study inclusion criteria, including 4550 passenger contacts. U.S. health departments reported TB screening test results for 758 (22%) of assigned contacts; 182 (24%) had positive results. Of the 142 passenger contacts with positive TB test results with information about risk factors for prior TB infection, 130 (92%) had at least one risk factor and 12 (8%) had no risk factors. Positive TB test results were significantly associated with risk factors for prior TB infection (OR 23; p<0.001). No cases of TB disease among passenger contacts were reported. CONCLUSION: The risks of M. tuberculosis transmission during air travel remain difficult to quantify. Definitive assessment of transmission risks during flights and determination of the effectiveness of contact-tracing efforts will require comprehensive cohort studies.
Authors: Krista Powell; Molly M Lamb; Mary K Sisk; Lynn Federline; Kimberly Seechuk; Lauren A Lambert; Ann M Buff Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2012 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Nicole Salazar-Austin; Alvaro A Ordonez; Alice Jenh Hsu; Jane E Benson; Mahadevappa Mahesh; Elizabeth Menachery; Jafar H Razeq; Max Salfinger; Jeffrey R Starke; Aaron M Milstone; Nicole Parrish; Eric L Nuermberger; Sanjay K Jain Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2015-11-16 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: Joanna J Regan; M Robynne Jungerman; Susan A Lippold; Faith Washburn; Efrosini Roland; Tina Objio; Christopher Schembri; Reena Gulati; Paul J Edelson; Francisco Alvarado-Ramy; Nicki Pesik; Nicole J Cohen Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2016 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Margaret S Coleman; Karen J Marienau; Nina Marano; Suzanne M Marks; Martin S Cetron Journal: Travel Med Infect Dis Date: 2013-11-08 Impact factor: 6.211
Authors: Maria An der Heiden; Barbara Hauer; Lena Fiebig; Gisela Glaser-Paschke; Markus Stemmler; Claudia Simon; Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes; Andreas Gilsdorf; Walter Haas Journal: Euro Surveill Date: 2017-03-23