Massive parallel sequencing in animal genetics: wherefroms and wheretos.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomics research, making it difficult to overstate its impact on studies of Biology. NGS will immediately allow researchers working in non-mainstream species to obtain complete genomes together with a comprehensive catalogue of variants. In addition, RNA-seq will be a decisive way to annotate genes that cannot be predicted purely by computational or comparative approaches. Future applications include whole genome sequence association studies, as opposed to classical SNP-based association, and implementing this new source of information into breeding programmes. For these purposes, one of the main advantages of sequencing vs. genotyping is the possibility of identifying copy number variants. Currently, experimental design is a topic of utmost interest, and here we discuss some of the options available, including pools and reduced representation libraries. Although bioinformatics is still an important bottleneck, this limitation is only transient and should not deter animal geneticists from embracing these technologies.