Video analysis of playground injury-risk situations.

An observational study was conducted to examine injury-risk situations as they occurred during playground recess periods. A process analysis approach was used to describe antecedent conditions, response, consequence, and reaction depicted in the video scenes. Results indicate that boys were more involved than girls, playground equipment was frequently used improperly, aggressive behaviors were sometimes a factor, situations occurred more frequently with nonteacher than teacher monitors, and children infrequently took action to stop the situations. Other children were more likely to react to the target child than the monitor. Direction is provided for child and monitor safety promotion programs.