Common problems of the esophagus.

A brief review of common neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus is given, with particular attention to the incompetent gastroesophageal sphincter and disordered motor activity of the esophageal body. There are a few simple messages to be emphasized and remembered. 1. The esophagus does not cause vague symptoms; they are definite and well-defined. 2. Dysphagia is an organic symptom unless proved otherwise. 3. Gastroesophageal reflux is caused by a poorly functioning physiological gastroesophageal sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia are not directly related. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux is common but rarely serious. 5. Antacid has a sound physiological basis for its effectiveness in treating gastroesophageal reflux. 6. Anticholinergic medication is bad for gastroesophageal reflux. 7. Disordered esophageal motor activity is a common occurrence and may cause symptoms.