Kinetic bacteriochlorophyll fluorometer.

A pump and probe fluorometer with a laser diode as single light source has been constructed for measurement of fast induction and relaxation of the fluorescence yield in intact cells, chromatophores and isolated reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria. The time resolution of the fluorometer is limited by the repetition time of the probing flashes to 20 micros. The apparatus offers high sensitivity, excellent performance and can become a versatile device for a range of demanding applications. Some of them are demonstrated here including fast and easy investigation of the (1) organization and redox state of the photosynthetic apparatus of the intact cells of different bacterial strains and mutants and (2) electron transfer reactions on donor and acceptor sides of isolated reaction centers. The compact design of the mechanics, optics, electronics, and data processing makes the device easy to use as outdoor instrument or to integrate into larger measuring systems.