Calibration of solar cells. 1: The differential spectral responsivity method.

An indirect dual-beam spectroradiometric method has been developed for the accurate determination of the conversion efficiency of reference solar cells based on measurement of the differential spectral responsivity (DSR) as a function of white bias radiation; a first laboratory setup is presented. The DSR method is illustrated by some practical examples and discussed in comparison with direct calibration methods where emphasis is put on accuracy, applicability, requirements, and overcoming of spectral mismatch and nonlinearity problems.