OBJECTIVE: To describe urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Gharbiah, Egypt and to investigate if these differences could be explained by known risk factors of breast cancer. METHODS: We used data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah, Egypt to assess breast cancer incidence from 1999 through 2006. The Egyptian census provided data on district-specific population, age, and urban-rural classification. Incidence patterns of breast cancer by district and age-specific urban-rural differences were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, incidence rate of breast cancer was three to four times higher in urban areas than in rural areas (60.9/10(5)-year for urban areas versus 17.8/10(5)-year for rural areas; IRR=3.73, 95% CI=3.30, 4.22). Urban areas had consistently higher incidence of breast cancer across all age-groups for all years. Higher incidence of breast cancer was also seen in the more developed districts of Tanta and El-Mehalla. CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of breast cancer in urban and more developed populations might be related to higher exposure to xenoestrogens, as well as other endocrine disruptors and genotoxic substances.
OBJECTIVE: To describe urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Gharbiah, Egypt and to investigate if these differences could be explained by known risk factors of breast cancer. METHODS: We used data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah, Egypt to assess breast cancer incidence from 1999 through 2006. The Egyptian census provided data on district-specific population, age, and urban-rural classification. Incidence patterns of breast cancer by district and age-specific urban-rural differences were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, incidence rate of breast cancer was three to four times higher in urban areas than in rural areas (60.9/10(5)-year for urban areas versus 17.8/10(5)-year for rural areas; IRR=3.73, 95% CI=3.30, 4.22). Urban areas had consistently higher incidence of breast cancer across all age-groups for all years. Higher incidence of breast cancer was also seen in the more developed districts of Tanta and El-Mehalla. CONCLUSIONS: Higher incidence of breast cancer in urban and more developed populations might be related to higher exposure to xenoestrogens, as well as other endocrine disruptors and genotoxic substances.
Authors: Brian L Sprague; Amy Trentham-Dietz; Kathleen M Egan; Linda Titus-Ernstoff; John M Hampton; Polly A Newcomb Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2008-06-13 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Julia Green Brody; Kirsten B Moysich; Olivier Humblet; Kathleen R Attfield; Gregory P Beehler; Ruthann A Rudel Journal: Cancer Date: 2007-06-15 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Manori J Silva; Dana B Barr; John A Reidy; Nicole A Malek; Carolyn C Hodge; Samuel P Caudill; John W Brock; Larry L Needham; Antonia M Calafat Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2004-03 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Antonia M Calafat; Xiaoyun Ye; Lee-Yang Wong; John A Reidy; Larry L Needham Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Nazneen Uddin; Elham Fateem; Ahmed Hablas; Ibrahim A Seifeldin; Elissa Brown; Sofia D Merajver; Amr S Soliman Journal: J Cancer Educ Date: 2012-03 Impact factor: 2.037
Authors: Nabila Chaher; Hugo Arias-Pulido; Nadija Terki; Clifford Qualls; Kamel Bouzid; Claire Verschraegen; Anne Marie Wallace; Melanie Royce Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2011-03-01 Impact factor: 4.872
Authors: C M Herzog; S Dey; A Hablas; H M Khaled; I A Seifeldin; M Ramadan; H El-Hamzawy; M L Wilson; A S Soliman Journal: Ann Oncol Date: 2012-05-02 Impact factor: 32.976
Authors: Brittney L Smith; Mohamed Ramadan; Brittany Corley; Ahmed Hablas; Ibrahim A Seifeldein; Amr S Soliman Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Date: 2015-11-18 Impact factor: 2.984