Insight into the dynamic interaction of different carbohydrates with human surfactant protein D: molecular dynamics simulations.

The unbinding process of three monosaccharides--galactose, glucose, and mannose--from human surfactant protein D (hSP-D) was investigated by the molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods to explore the cause of different dynamic interaction between these monosaccharides and the protein. The results show that the low affinity of galactose for hSP-D is attributed to the different binding conformation from the other two monosaccharides. The sugar coordinates to the calcium ion by the hydroxyl groups in the C2 and C3 atoms, so it cannot form the effective interaction with hSP-D. Glucose and mannose have similar binding conformations with hSP-D. Their difference in the affinity is induced by the interaction between the hydroxyl group in the C2 atom and the residue Asp325. The direction of the hydroxyl group in mannose results in the formation of the hydrogen bond with Asp325 and further makes mannose hydrogen-bond to the residues Glu329 and Arg343 by the hydroxyl groups in the C3, C4, and C6 atoms. As glucose only forms three hydrogen bonds with the residues Glu321, Asn323, and Glu329 by the hydroxyl groups in the C3 and C4 atoms, its interaction with hSP-D is weaker than that of mannose. Thus glucose has a lower energy barrier of dissociation. This work could provide the more penetrating understanding of hSP-D physiological functions.