A study of trends in beliefs and attitudes toward cancer.

Understanding trends in population perceptions of cancer is essential in identifying groups that may benefit from more targeted strategies in cancer prevention and detection. We report the prevalence of knowledge and attitudes with respect to various aspects of cancer in two independent national probability samples of 4,073 Austrian adults aged 15 years or above, and we describe the association of these variables with age, gender, marital status, and education. In-home interviews were conducted in September 1995 and in August 2005. Perceptions of cancer causes, positive personal experiences with cancer cures, and knowledge of cancer cures and causes generally improved across all groups. Those with less education were less likely to believe that cancer could be cured in 1995, a difference that resolved in 2005. Less encouragingly, education-based disparities persisted for factors such as knowledge of the importance of early detection in cancer cure and experiences with cancer cures. Differences in other subgroups, although existent, were only modest. Prevention education strategies should consider targeted approaches that aim to reduce disparities in cancer perception among those with less formal education.