Controlled manipulation of rigid nanorods by atomic force microscopy.

The motion of rigid nanorods caused by the normal vibrations of a nanotip rastering a flat surface is described within an original collisional model. Provided that the friction between the nanorods and the surface is sufficiently high, the direction of motion and the orientation of the nanorods are determined by two pairs of differential equations. In the limiting case of thin nanowires, the direction of motion is precisely related to the length of the nanowire, the tip radius and the density of the scan lines. At the same time the wire oscillates perpendicularly to this direction in a characteristic wobbling motion. Similar conclusions approximately hold also when the rod thickness is not negligible (compared to its length), as shown by a comparison between numerical solutions of our model and measurements on gold nanorods manipulated on a silicon oxide surface. Our results open the path to understanding and controlling the manipulation of arbitrarily shaped nanoparticles.