OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish reference values for a new direct assay for small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and to measure sdLDL-C concentrations in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) vs controls. METHODS: Direct LDL-C and sdLDL-C were measured in samples from 3188 male and female participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, including 173 men and 74 women with CHD. RESULTS: Postmenopausal status and male sex were associated with higher sdLDL-C concentrations (P < 0.0001). Cholesterol-lowering medication use was more frequent (P < 0.0001) in CHD patients than in controls (46.8% vs 11.4% in men; 35.1% vs 8.8% in women). In men, mean LDL-C was lower in CHD than in controls (3.22 vs 3.51 mmol/L, P < 0.0001), whereas mean sdLDL-C concentrations were similar (0.83 vs 0.84 mmol/L, P = 0.609). In women, mean LDL-C was similar in CHD and controls (3.53 vs 3.46 mmol/L, P = 0.543), but mean sdLDL-C was higher (0.83 vs 0.68 mmol/L, P = 0.0015). The mean percentage of LDL-C as sdLDL-C was higher in both men and women with CHD than controls (P < 0.01). Increased LDL-C and sdLDL-C were found in 10.4% and 22.0% of men and in 24.3% and 27.8% of women with CHD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite 4-fold greater cholesterol-lowering therapy use, CHD patients had mean LDL-C concentrations above the LDL-C goal of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL). Although women with CHD had higher sdLDL-C concentrations than controls, this difference was not seen in men. These findings may explain some of the high residual risk of future CHD events in CHD patients.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish reference values for a new direct assay for small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and to measure sdLDL-C concentrations in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) vs controls. METHODS: Direct LDL-C and sdLDL-C were measured in samples from 3188 male and female participants of the Framingham Offspring Study, including 173 men and 74 women with CHD. RESULTS: Postmenopausal status and male sex were associated with higher sdLDL-C concentrations (P < 0.0001). Cholesterol-lowering medication use was more frequent (P < 0.0001) in CHD patients than in controls (46.8% vs 11.4% in men; 35.1% vs 8.8% in women). In men, mean LDL-C was lower in CHD than in controls (3.22 vs 3.51 mmol/L, P < 0.0001), whereas mean sdLDL-C concentrations were similar (0.83 vs 0.84 mmol/L, P = 0.609). In women, mean LDL-C was similar in CHD and controls (3.53 vs 3.46 mmol/L, P = 0.543), but mean sdLDL-C was higher (0.83 vs 0.68 mmol/L, P = 0.0015). The mean percentage of LDL-C as sdLDL-C was higher in both men and women with CHD than controls (P < 0.01). Increased LDL-C and sdLDL-C were found in 10.4% and 22.0% of men and in 24.3% and 27.8% of women with CHD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite 4-fold greater cholesterol-lowering therapy use, CHD patients had mean LDL-C concentrations above the LDL-C goal of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL). Although women with CHD had higher sdLDL-C concentrations than controls, this difference was not seen in men. These findings may explain some of the high residual risk of future CHD events in CHD patients.
Authors: C Baigent; A Keech; P M Kearney; L Blackwell; G Buck; C Pollicino; A Kirby; T Sourjina; R Peto; R Collins; R Simes Journal: Lancet Date: 2005-09-27 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Kimber L Stanhope; Jean Marc Schwarz; Nancy L Keim; Steven C Griffen; Andrew A Bremer; James L Graham; Bonnie Hatcher; Chad L Cox; Artem Dyachenko; Wei Zhang; John P McGahan; Anthony Seibert; Ronald M Krauss; Sally Chiu; Ernst J Schaefer; Masumi Ai; Seiko Otokozawa; Katsuyuki Nakajima; Takamitsu Nakano; Carine Beysen; Marc K Hellerstein; Lars Berglund; Peter J Havel Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2009-04-20 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Paul M Ridker; Eleanor Danielson; Francisco Ah Fonseca; Jacques Genest; Antonio M Gotto; John Jp Kastelein; Wolfgang Koenig; Peter Libby; Alberto J Lorenzatti; Jean G Macfadyen; Børge G Nordestgaard; James Shepherd; James T Willerson; Robert J Glynn Journal: Lancet Date: 2009-03-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Bela F Asztalos; Marcelo Batista; Katalin V Horvath; Caitlin E Cox; Gerard E Dallal; Josh S Morse; Greg B Brown; Ernst J Schaefer Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2003-03-13 Impact factor: 8.311
Authors: Kiran Musunuru; Marju Orho-Melander; Michael P Caulfield; Shuguang Li; Wael A Salameh; Richard E Reitz; Göran Berglund; Bo Hedblad; Gunnar Engström; Paul T Williams; Sekar Kathiresan; Olle Melander; Ronald M Krauss Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2009-09-03 Impact factor: 8.311
Authors: Haojie Yu; Antoine Rimbert; Alice E Palmer; Takafumi Toyohara; Yulei Xia; Fang Xia; Leonardo M R Ferreira; Zhifen Chen; Tao Chen; Natalia Loaiza; Nathaniel Brooks Horwitz; Michael C Kacergis; Liping Zhao; Alexander A Soukas; Jan Albert Kuivenhoven; Sekar Kathiresan; Chad A Cowan Journal: Cell Date: 2019-11-27 Impact factor: 41.582
Authors: G T Russo; A Giandalia; E L Romeo; M Marotta; A Alibrandi; C De Francesco; K V Horvath; B Asztalos; D Cucinotta Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2014-01-09 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: M John Chapman; Alexina Orsoni; Ricardo Tan; Natalie A Mellett; Anh Nguyen; Paul Robillard; Philippe Giral; Patrice Thérond; Peter J Meikle Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2020-04-15 Impact factor: 5.922
Authors: Ron C Hoogeveen; John W Gaubatz; Wensheng Sun; Rhiannon C Dodge; Jacy R Crosby; Jennifer Jiang; David Couper; Salim S Virani; Sekar Kathiresan; Eric Boerwinkle; Christie M Ballantyne Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2014-02-20 Impact factor: 8.311
Authors: Sakine Sever; David A Weinstein; Joseph I Wolfsdorf; Reyhan Gedik; Ernst J Schaefer Journal: J Clin Lipidol Date: 2012-08-30 Impact factor: 4.766
Authors: Michael Y Tsai; Brian T Steffen; Weihua Guan; Robyn L McClelland; Russell Warnick; Joseph McConnell; Daniel M Hoefner; Alan T Remaley Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2013-11-14 Impact factor: 8.311