The effect of pH on rate constants, ion selectivity and thermodynamic properties of fluorescent calcium and magnesium indicators.

Fluorescent calcium indicators fluo-3, fura-2 and indo-1, and fluorescent magnesium indicators mag-fura-2 (FURAPTRA) and mag-indo-1 were evaluated for the effects of pH on their association and dissociation rates, ion selectivity and thermodynamic properties. Calcium indicator affinities for Ca and Mg were reduced and the discrimination between Ca and Mg decreased in fura-2 and indo-1 at acidic pH. Alterations in apparent dissociation constants were caused primarily by reduced association rates. Magnesium indicators did not show these changes. The enthalphies of the calcium indicators' Ca complex were 1-3 kcal/mole and magnesium indicators' Mg complex were 7-9 kcal/mole. The potential effects of a biexponential dissociation rate of fluo-3 and of Ca interactions with magnesium indicators were examined.