Insecticide treated nets, antimalarials and child survival in India.

Malaria has been a complex public health problem affecting mainly the poor and the rural communities in India. Insecticide treated nets (ITN) and antimalarials are the two proven interventions for prevention and control of malaria. ITN has been amply demonstrated to be an effective intervention to protect children from malaria, and in preventing deaths due to falciparum malaria. Antimalarials are a therapeutic intervention for management of malaria, and prevention of complications due to Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, implementation of these interventions is fraught with problems of complex and multidimensional nature at the periphery. These can be addressed by optimizing the use of the 2 interventions, the insecticide treated nets and antimalarials, for area specific application and country specific needs, determined by the eco-epidemiological diversity of malaria in India. This article reviews the significant role of ITN in reducing child mortality, and the judicious use of antimalarials in the management of malaria patient, and the problems associated with the use of these interventions in protecting children against malaria in India.