Positive illusory bias and response to behavioral treatment among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The current study investigates the accuracy of self-perceptions of competence among 43 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ages 6.9-11.9; 37 boys) attending an 8-week empirically supported behavioral summer treatment program. Having inflated self-perceptions about one's competence at the beginning of the summer predicted poorer response to the intervention administered in the program as assessed by changes in observed conduct problems, peer-nominated social preference, and friendship. However, inflated self-perceptions at the start of the summer predicted reductions in self-reported depressive symptoms during the treatment period. Despite participating in an intensive intervention, there was high stability of children's biased self-perceptions regarding their performance.