OBJECTIVES: Although herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 may co-exist and interact, some epidemiologic features including geographical distribution, secular trends, route of transmission, and established risk factors may distinguish these HSV sub-types. With recent data indicating a link between genital herpes and either strain, a re-evaluation of risk factors for HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection is needed. METHODS: We used the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) data and logistic regression modeling to identify socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors that can independently predict HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection. RESULTS: Approximately 48% were positive for HSV-1 alone, 7% were positive for HSV-2 alone and 12% were co-infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. History of genital herpes was found in individuals infected with either or both HSV sub-types. Whereas age, sex, race, and level of education independently predicted all three outcomes, lifetime sexual activity as well as use of tobacco products and recreational drugs mainly correlated with HSV-2 infection and HSV-1/HSV-2 co-infection. Lifetime use of alcohol was not consistently associated with HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual activity played an important role for HSV-2 and was potentially important for HSV-1, with implications for healthcare practice and vaccine development.
OBJECTIVES: Although herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 may co-exist and interact, some epidemiologic features including geographical distribution, secular trends, route of transmission, and established risk factors may distinguish these HSV sub-types. With recent data indicating a link between genital herpes and either strain, a re-evaluation of risk factors for HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection is needed. METHODS: We used the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) data and logistic regression modeling to identify socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors that can independently predict HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection. RESULTS: Approximately 48% were positive for HSV-1 alone, 7% were positive for HSV-2 alone and 12% were co-infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. History of genital herpes was found in individuals infected with either or both HSV sub-types. Whereas age, sex, race, and level of education independently predicted all three outcomes, lifetime sexual activity as well as use of tobacco products and recreational drugs mainly correlated with HSV-2 infection and HSV-1/HSV-2 co-infection. Lifetime use of alcohol was not consistently associated with HSV-1/HSV-2 infection and co-infection. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual activity played an important role for HSV-2 and was potentially important for HSV-1, with implications for healthcare practice and vaccine development.
Authors: R W Roest; W I van der Meijden; G van Dijk; J Groen; P G Mulder; G M Verjans; A D Osterhaus Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2001-06 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: J R Daling; M M Madeleine; B McKnight; J J Carter; G C Wipf; R Ashley; S M Schwartz; A M Beckmann; M E Hagensee; M T Mandelson; D A Galloway Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 1996-07 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: R G Pebody; N Andrews; D Brown; R Gopal; H De Melker; G François; N Gatcheva; W Hellenbrand; S Jokinen; I Klavs; M Kojouharova; T Kortbeek; B Kriz; K Prosenc; K Roubalova; P Teocharov; W Thierfelder; M Valle; P Van Damme; R Vranckx Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2004-06 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: Gabriel Westman; David Berglund; Johan Widén; Martin Ingelsson; Olle Korsgren; Lars Lannfelt; Dag Sehlin; Anna-Karin Lidehall; Britt-Marie Eriksson Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-05-07 Impact factor: 3.240