Effects of potassium lactate and high pressure on transglutaminase restructured dry-cured hams with reduced salt content.

Ten raw hams (from 5 carcasses) were boned and salted either with salt reduction (15g/kg NaCl) or salt reduction with addition of potassium lactate (15g/kg NaCl and 39.74g/kg of a 60% K-lactate solution). Subsequently, the ham pieces were assembled together with transglutaminase, vacuum packed into water-permeable plastic bags and kept at 3°C and 85% RH until reaching above 30% weight losses. The effects of K-lactate addition and the high-pressure (HP) treatment at 600MPa on the physicochemical, instrumental colour and texture (Tensile test) and sensory characteristics of the biceps femoris (BF) muscle were evaluated. The addition of K-lactate did not have a negative effect on colour, flavour or texture of restructured dry-cured hams. The HP treatment increased significantly the pH, L(∗), a(∗) and b(∗) values and the breaking stress, and decreased the water-holding capacity and elasticity (apparent Young's modulus) of BF muscle. The HP treatment also affected significantly the flavour (increasing saltiness, umami and sweetness) and the sensory texture attributes (increasing muscle binding, hardness, gumminess and fibrousness and decreasing adhesiveness and pastiness), as well as slice appearance (increasing brightness and iridescence and decreasing colour homogeneity).