Surgical management of traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability: an international perspective.

The treatment of traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability has evolved considerably in recent years. The results of arthroscopic repair have considerably improved, and, for many surgeons, arthroscopic techniques have supplanted traditional open techniques. Although a scoring system and other assessment tools can be useful, the choice of a surgical treatment for glenohumeral stabilization requires a careful assimilation of the patient's expectations and the surgeon's experience as well as an understanding of the relevant individual pathoanatomy. Pathoanatomy, nonsurgical and surgical treatment of shoulder instability, bone loss, unsuccessful stabilization treatment, and review of recent literature are important factors.