BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency alters 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics, yet only anterior translation and internal rotation have been the primary measures in previous studies. PURPOSE: To compare the 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics and the graft forces after single- and double-bundle ACL reconstructions under various external loading conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Ten human cadaveric knees were tested with a robotic testing system under 4 conditions: intact, ACL deficient, single-bundle reconstructed with a quadrupled hamstring tendon graft, and double-bundle reconstructed with 2 looped hamstring tendon grafts. Knee kinematics and forces of the ACL or ACL graft in each knee were measured under 3 loading conditions: an anterior tibial load of 134 N, a simulated quadriceps muscle load of 400 N, and combined tibial torques (10 N.m valgus and 5 N.m internal tibial torques) at 0 degrees , 15 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees of knee flexion. RESULTS: The double-bundle reconstruction restored the anterior and medial laxities closer to the intact knee than the single-bundle reconstruction. However, the internal rotation of the tibia under the simulated quadriceps muscle load was significantly decreased when compared with the intact knee after both reconstructions, more so after double-bundle reconstruction (P < .05). The entire graft force of the double-bundle reconstruction was more similar to that of the intact ACL than that of the single-bundle reconstruction. However, the posterolateral bundle graft in the double-bundle reconstructed knee was overloaded as compared with the intact posterolateral bundle. CONCLUSION: The double-bundle reconstruction can better restore the normal anterior-posterior and medial-lateral laxities than the single-bundle reconstruction can, but an overloading of the posterolateral bundle graft can occur in a double-bundle reconstructed knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both single-bundle and double-bundle techniques cannot restore the rotational laxities and the ACL force distributions of the intact knee.
BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency alters 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics, yet only anterior translation and internal rotation have been the primary measures in previous studies. PURPOSE: To compare the 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics and the graft forces after single- and double-bundle ACL reconstructions under various external loading conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Ten human cadaveric knees were tested with a robotic testing system under 4 conditions: intact, ACL deficient, single-bundle reconstructed with a quadrupled hamstring tendon graft, and double-bundle reconstructed with 2 looped hamstring tendon grafts. Knee kinematics and forces of the ACL or ACL graft in each knee were measured under 3 loading conditions: an anterior tibial load of 134 N, a simulated quadriceps muscle load of 400 N, and combined tibial torques (10 N.m valgus and 5 N.m internal tibial torques) at 0 degrees , 15 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees of knee flexion. RESULTS: The double-bundle reconstruction restored the anterior and medial laxities closer to the intact knee than the single-bundle reconstruction. However, the internal rotation of the tibia under the simulated quadriceps muscle load was significantly decreased when compared with the intact knee after both reconstructions, more so after double-bundle reconstruction (P < .05). The entire graft force of the double-bundle reconstruction was more similar to that of the intact ACL than that of the single-bundle reconstruction. However, the posterolateral bundle graft in the double-bundle reconstructed knee was overloaded as compared with the intact posterolateral bundle. CONCLUSION: The double-bundle reconstruction can better restore the normal anterior-posterior and medial-lateral laxities than the single-bundle reconstruction can, but an overloading of the posterolateral bundle graft can occur in a double-bundle reconstructed knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both single-bundle and double-bundle techniques cannot restore the rotational laxities and the ACL force distributions of the intact knee.
Authors: Masayoshi Yagi; Eric K Wong; Akihiro Kanamori; Richard E Debski; Freddie H Fu; Savio L-Y Woo Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2002 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Yuji Yamamoto; Wei-Hsiu Hsu; Savio L-Y Woo; Andrew H Van Scyoc; Yoshiyuki Takakura; Richard E Debski Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2004-12 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Jong Keun Seon; Sang Jin Park; Keun Bae Lee; Taek Rim Yoon; Hyoung Yeon Seo; Eun Kyoo Song Journal: Int Orthop Date: 2008-03-07 Impact factor: 3.075
Authors: Hemanth R Gadikota; Jong Keun Seon; Michal Kozanek; Luke S Oh; Thomas J Gill; Kenneth D Montgomery; Guoan Li Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2009-03-04 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Jia-Lin Wu; Jong Keun Seon; Hemanth R Gadikota; Ali Hosseini; Karen M Sutton; Thomas J Gill; Guoan Li Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2009-12-31 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Daniel Guenther; Sebastian Irarrázaval; Marcio Albers; Cara Vernacchia; James J Irrgang; Volker Musahl; Freddie H Fu Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2016-08-19 Impact factor: 4.342