Regular physical activity and exercise therapy in end-stage renal disease: how should we move forward?

The many benefits of physical activity in the general population are well accepted. A growing body of evidence in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) demonstrates improvements to aerobic fitness and physical function with exercise therapy. This review outlines the major clinical findings associated with exercise training in ESRD, with a focus on survival and morbidity. Finally, methodological challenges with respect to the design of future studies in this area are discussed.