Black walnut extract: an inflammatory model.

The black walnut extract (BWE) model was developed after the discovery that horses bedded on shavings from black walnut trees commonly developed laminitis. The first investigators that consistently induced laminitis with black walnut shavings established that it was only the heartwood of the tree that induced laminitis. The BWE model of laminitis has allowed investigators to determine many of the early pathologic signaling events likely to occur in the developmental and acute clinical stages of the disease process, and has brought inflammatory injury to the forefront of laminitis research. These events must also be assessed in the carbohydrate overload models, the models that more closely reflect the clinical case of laminitis. Published by Elsevier Inc.