Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg. Cloning of the gene, nucleotide sequence, and localization of a base change conferring resistance to pseudomonic acid.

The ileS gene encoding the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of the thermophilic archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg was isolated and sequenced. ileS was closely flanked by an unknown open reading frame and by purL and thus is arranged differently from the organizations observed in several eubacteria or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase was compared with primary sequences of isoleucyl-, valyl-, leucyl-, and methionyl-tRNA synthetases from eubacteria and yeast. The archaebacterial enzyme fitted well into this group of enzymes. It contained the two short consensus sequences observed in class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as well as regions of homology with enzymes of the isoleucine family. Comparison between the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases of M. thermoautotrophicum yielded 36% amino acid identity with the yeast enzyme and 32% identity with the corresponding enzyme from Escherichia coli. The ileS gene of the pseudomonic acid-resistant M. thermoautotrophicum mutant MBT10 was also sequenced. The mutant enzyme had undergone a glycine to aspartic acid transition at position 590, in a conserved region comprising the KMSKS consensus sequence. The inhibition constants of pseudomonic acid, KiIle and KiATP, for the mutant enzyme were 10-fold higher than those determined for the wild-type enzyme. Both the mutant and the wild-type ileS gene were expressed in E. coli, and their products displayed the expected difference in sensitivity toward pseudomonic acid.