Near-infrared organic compounds and emerging applications.

This Focus Review describes the emerging class of near-infrared (NIR) organic compounds containing the conjugated polyene, polymethine, and donor-acceptor chromophores and exploration of their NIR-absorbing, NIR-fluorescence, and NIR-photosensitizing properties for potential applications in heat absorbers, solar cells, and NIR light-emitting diodes. Examples of NIR organic compounds are reviewed with emphasis on the molecular design, NIR absorption, and fluorescence and particular emerging applications. The donor-acceptor type of NIR chromophores are particularly introduced owing to some unique features, including the designer-made energy gaps, facile synthesis, good processability, and controllable morphology and properties in the solid state. Future directions in research and development of NIR organic materials and applications are then offered from a personal perspective.