AIM: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). CCSVI is detected by transcranial and extracranial color-Doppler high-resolution examination (TCCS-ECD) and venography that permit to identify five types of venous malformations and four major (A-D) hemodynamic patterns of anomalous extracranial-extravertebral venous outflow. We investigated possible correlation between such hemodynamic patterns and both the symptoms at onset and clinical course in patients with MS and CCSVI. METHODS: TCCS-ECD, selective venography and clinical records of 65 patients affected by definite MS and CCSVI were reviewed. RESULTS: The four hemodynamic patterns of CCSVI were unevenly (P<0.0001) distributed with respect to the types of clinical presentation and course. In particular the Type A or B patterns were common in patients with onset of optic neuritis, but rare in patients presenting with spinal cord symptoms who typically showed a type D pattern. As well, the type A or type B hemodynamic were more common in patients with relapsing remitting course than in patients with secondary progressive course and rare in patients with primary progressive course. The C hemodynamic pattern was not observed in patients with primary progressive course who showed a remarkable prevalence of the type D pattern. CONCLUSION: The distribution of venous malformations and the resulting hemodynamic pattern show correlation with symptoms at onset and clinical course in patients with MS and CCSVI.
AIM: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). CCSVI is detected by transcranial and extracranial color-Doppler high-resolution examination (TCCS-ECD) and venography that permit to identify five types of venous malformations and four major (A-D) hemodynamic patterns of anomalous extracranial-extravertebral venous outflow. We investigated possible correlation between such hemodynamic patterns and both the symptoms at onset and clinical course in patients with MS and CCSVI. METHODS: TCCS-ECD, selective venography and clinical records of 65 patients affected by definite MS and CCSVI were reviewed. RESULTS: The four hemodynamic patterns of CCSVI were unevenly (P<0.0001) distributed with respect to the types of clinical presentation and course. In particular the Type A or B patterns were common in patients with onset of optic neuritis, but rare in patients presenting with spinal cord symptoms who typically showed a type D pattern. As well, the type A or type B hemodynamic were more common in patients with relapsing remitting course than in patients with secondary progressive course and rare in patients with primary progressive course. The C hemodynamic pattern was not observed in patients with primary progressive course who showed a remarkable prevalence of the type D pattern. CONCLUSION: The distribution of venous malformations and the resulting hemodynamic pattern show correlation with symptoms at onset and clinical course in patients with MS and CCSVI.
Authors: Andreas Laupacis; Erin Lillie; Andrew Dueck; Sharon Straus; Laure Perrier; Jodie M Burton; Richard Aviv; Kevin Thorpe; Thomas Feasby; Julian Spears Journal: CMAJ Date: 2011-10-03 Impact factor: 8.262
Authors: Fiona Costello; Jayesh Modi; David Lautner; Deepak Bhayana; James N Scott; W Jeptha Davenport; Jessie Trufyn; Richard Frayne; Viesha A Ciura; Mayank Goyal; Jean Mah; Michael D Hill Journal: CMAJ Date: 2014-06-02 Impact factor: 8.262
Authors: Lucia Monti; Elisabetta Menci; Monica Ulivelli; Alfonso Cerase; Sabina Bartalini; Pietro Piu; Nicola Marotti; Sara Leonini; Paolo Galluzzi; Daniele G Romano; Alfredo E Casasco; Carlo Venturi Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-09-22 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: José M Valdueza; Florian Doepp; Stephan J Schreiber; Bob W van Oosten; Klaus Schmierer; Friedemann Paul; Mike P Wattjes Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2013-02-27 Impact factor: 6.200