Fuzzy K-nearest neighbor classifiers for ventricular arrhythmia detection.

We report a study of the efficiency of 4 classifiers (the K-nearest-neighbor and single-nearest-prototype algorithms, each as parametrized by both Fuzzy C-Means and Fuzzy Covariance clustering) in the detection of ventricular arrhythmias in ECG traces characterized by 4 features derived from 7 spectral parameters. Principal components analysis was used in conjunction with a cardiologist's deterministic classification of 90 ECG traces to fix the number of trace classes to 5 (ventricular fibrillation/flutter, sinus rhythm, ventricular rhythms with aberrant complexes and 2 classes of artefact). Forty of the 90 traces were then defined as a test set; 5 different learning sets (numbering 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 traces) were randomly selected from the remaining 50 traces; each learning set was used to parametrize both the classification algorithms using both fuzzy clustering algorithms and the parametrized classification algorithms were then applied to the test set. Optimal K for K-nearest-neighbor algorithms and optimal cluster volumes for Fuzzy Covariance algorithms were sought by trial and error to minimize classification differences with respect to the cardiologist's classification. Fuzzy Covariance clustering afforded significantly better perception of cluster structure than the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm, and the classifiers performed correspondingly with an overall empirical error ratio of just 0.10 for the K-nearest-neighbor algorithm parametrized by Fuzzy Covariance.