Relationship between personality and premenstrual symptoms: a study in five general practices.

A large representative sample of women of child bearing age in five urban practices were asked to complete two measures to record premenstrual changes in their health. The first method was a daily health record which sought to disguise the fact that the focus of the study was premenstrual changes while the second method was a conventional, retrospective checklist. In addition, the women completed a personality inventory which allowed them to be allocated to one of two personality subtypes according to level of neuroticism--neurotic or stable. The results suggest that women in the neurotic subgroup are, in general, more likely to report premenstrual changes than stable women and particularly so on the retrospective checklist rather than the daily record of health changes. It was also shown that women in the stable subgroup were less likely to be inconsistent reporters of symptoms on the two questionnaires than neurotic women. Better understanding of the variable nature of the premenstrual syndrome may demand that more attention is paid to the method of collection of data and to how this interacts with the woman's basic personality. In particular, for research purposes, the traditional method of a retrospective checklist introduces an unacceptable level of response bias in favour of the identification of women with high neuroticism scores, and underrepresents more stable women who suffer from premenstrual complaints. Previous treatment trials which have used this method may therefore be invalid and their conclusions should be reappraised.