Jan Dirk Blom1, Iris E C Sommer. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Parnassia Bavo Group, 2552 HX The Hague, The Netherlands. jd.blom@parnassiagroep.nl
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The literature on the possible neurobiologic correlates of auditory hallucinations is expanding rapidly. For an adequate understanding and linking of this emerging knowledge, a clear and uniform nomenclature is a prerequisite. The primary purpose of the present article is to provide an overview of the nomenclature and classification of auditory hallucinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant data were obtained from books, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: The results are presented in the form of several classificatory arrangements of auditory hallucinations, governed by the principles of content, perceived source, perceived vivacity, relation to the sleep-wake cycle, and association with suspected neurobiologic correlates. CONCLUSIONS: This overview underscores the necessity to reappraise the concepts of auditory hallucinations developed during the era of classic psychiatry, to incorporate them into our current nomenclature and classification of auditory hallucinations, and to test them empirically with the aid of the structural and functional imaging techniques currently available.
INTRODUCTION: The literature on the possible neurobiologic correlates of auditory hallucinations is expanding rapidly. For an adequate understanding and linking of this emerging knowledge, a clear and uniform nomenclature is a prerequisite. The primary purpose of the present article is to provide an overview of the nomenclature and classification of auditory hallucinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant data were obtained from books, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: The results are presented in the form of several classificatory arrangements of auditory hallucinations, governed by the principles of content, perceived source, perceived vivacity, relation to the sleep-wake cycle, and association with suspected neurobiologic correlates. CONCLUSIONS: This overview underscores the necessity to reappraise the concepts of auditory hallucinations developed during the era of classic psychiatry, to incorporate them into our current nomenclature and classification of auditory hallucinations, and to test them empirically with the aid of the structural and functional imaging techniques currently available.
Authors: Ashley M Schnakenberg Martin; Lisa Bartolomeo; Josselyn Howell; William P Hetrick; Amanda R Bolbecker; Alan Breier; Gary Kidd; Brian F O'Donnell Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2017-09-21 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: Mascha M J Linszen; Janna N de Boer; Maya J L Schutte; Marieke J H Begemann; Jacqueline de Vries; Sanne Koops; Renske E Blom; Marc M Bohlken; Sophie M Heringa; Jan Dirk Blom; Iris E C Sommer Journal: Schizophrenia (Heidelb) Date: 2022-04-23
Authors: Rosa Maria Rodrigues Dos Santos; Tanit Ganz Sanchez; Ricardo Ferreira Bento; Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia Journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol Date: 2012-07
Authors: Branislava Ćurčić-Blake; Judith M Ford; Daniela Hubl; Natasza D Orlov; Iris E Sommer; Flavie Waters; Paul Allen; Renaud Jardri; Peter W Woodruff; Olivier David; Christoph Mulert; Todd S Woodward; André Aleman Journal: Prog Neurobiol Date: 2016-11-24 Impact factor: 11.685